Colored bosonic models and matrix coefficients
Symmetric functions and generalizations (05E05) Representation-theoretic methods; automorphic representations over local and global fields (11F70) Yang-Baxter equations (16T25) Representation theory for linear algebraic groups (20G05) Representations of Lie and linear algebraic groups over local fields (22E50) Exactly solvable models; Bethe ansatz (82B23)
Let \(G\) be a split reductive algebraic group over a non-Archimedean local field \(F\) with a split maximal torus \(T\). Let \(K\) be a special maximal compact open subgroup of \(G(F)\). Associated to \(K\), there is an important family of representations of \(G(F)\) known as the spherical principal series \(\{I(z)\}_{z\in X^*(T)\otimes_\mathbb{Z}\mathbb{C}^{\times}}\), which has a deep connection with the theory of automorphic forms.\N\NThere are two noteworthy linear functionals on the space \(I(z)\), the Whittaker functional \(\mathcal{W}_z\) and the spherical functional \(\mathcal{S}_z\), both of which are unique up to constant multiple and have natural normalizations as integrals. Let \(J\) be an Iwahori subgroup of \(G(F)\) and let \(\mathcal{H}\) be the corresponding Iwahori-Hecke algebra. The space \(I(z)^J\) is naturally an \(\mathcal{H}\)-module whose dimension is the cardinality \(|W|\) of the Weyl group. The evaluations of these two functionals on the \(G(F)\)-translations of the basis of \(I(z)^J\) define two types of special functions known as the Iwahori-Whittaker functions and Iwahori-Spherical functions, which are related to the antispherical and spherical representations of \(\mathcal{H}\). It is expected that these two types of special functions are closely related to each other.\N\NThe authors develope the theory of colored bosonic models and show how a family of such models can be used to represent the values of Iwahori vectors in the ``spherical model of representations of \(\mathrm{GL}_n(F)\). Indeed, these models are the special case of the ones constructed by \textit{A. Borodin} and \textit{M. Wheeler} [Astérisque 437, 225p. (2022; Zbl 1537.82001)] with the spin parameter \(s=0\). Nonetheless, they found the realization of the Boltzmann weights by fusion of simpler weights, which relates the colored models with uncolored models and an action of the Iwahori-Hecke algebra on the partition functions of a particular family of models by Demazure-Lusztig operators. As an application, they reprove a theorem by \textit{C. Korff} [Commun. Math. Phys. 318, No. 1, 173--246 (2013; Zbl 1259.05186)] evaluating the partition functions of the uncolored models in terms of Hall-Littlewood polynomials.\N\NIt is worth mentioning that their results are very closely parallel to the theory of fermionic models representing Iwahori Whittaker functions developed by \textit{B. Brubaker} et al. [Sel. Math., New Ser. 30, No. 4, 1022--1824 (2024; Zbl 1552.22058)], with many striking relationships between the two theories, confirming the philosophy that the spherical and Whittaker models of principal series representations are ``dual.
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