Common cyclic vectors for normal operators
In this paper, the authors analyze the existence of common cyclic vectors for normal operators, in particular for multiplication operators on the Hilbert space \(L^2(\mu )\), where \(\mu\) is a positive, finite, compactly supported Borel measure on the complex plane \(\mathbb C\). If \(U\) is a bounded linear operator on a separable Hilbert space \(H\), then \(U\) is said to be cyclic with cyclic vector \(f\) if the closed linear span of \(\{U^nf: n=0,1,2,\dots\}\) is equal to \(H\). For instance, when \(U\) is the multiplication operator \(x \mapsto xf\) on \(L^2[0,1]\), the cyclic vectors \(f\) are the \(L^2\) functions which are nonzero almost everywhere. For a collection \(S\) of operators on \(H\), it is said that \(S\) has a common cyclic vector \(f\) if \(f\) is a cyclic vector for every \(U \in S\). Let \(L_i^\infty (\mu )\) be the set of functions \(\varphi \in L^\infty (\mu )\) that are injective on a set of full measure, and set \(S_\mu := \{M_\varphi : \varphi \in L^\infty_i(\mu )\}\), where \(M_\varphi\) is the multiplication operator \(M_\varphi : f \in L^2(\mu ) \mapsto \varphi f \in L^2(\mu )\). By using a uniqueness result of Beurling together with a result of Szegő on the Lebesgue decomposition of measures, the authors complete earlier results by Bourdon-Shapiro and Sibilev and prove, among other statements, the following. \begin{itemize} \item[(a)] If \(\mu\) is purely atomic, then \(S_\mu\) has a common cyclic vector. \item[(b)] If the continuous part of \(\mu\) is not zero, then \(S_\mu\) does not have a common cyclic vector. \item[(c)] If \(m\) is the Lebesgue measure on the unit circle \(\mathbb T\) and \(M = \{\varphi : \mathbb T \to \mathbb C: \varphi \in C^{1 + \varepsilon}(\mathbb T)\) for some \(\varepsilon > 0\), \(\varphi\) is injective except possibly for a finite number of points, and \({d \over d\theta} \varphi (e^{i\theta})\neq 0\) for all \(e^{i \theta}\}\), then a function \(f \in L^2(m)\) is cyclic for \(\{M_\varphi : \varphi \in M\}\) if and only if \(f\) is nonzero \(m\)-a.e.~and \(f\) is not log-integrable on any arc of \(T\). \end{itemize}
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