Common invariant subspace and commuting matrices

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2012.11.034MaRDI QIDQ1940098zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Gerald Bourgeois

Publication date 5 March 2013

Published in Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1206.3630

zbMATH Keywords

algorithmcommon invariant subspacecommutanteigenvalueeigenvectorGalois groupmatrix equationperfect fieldsimultaneously triangularizable

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Vector spaces, linear dependence, rank, lineability (15A03) Canonical forms, reductions, classification (15A21) Matrix equations and identities (15A24) Commutativity of matrices (15A27)

Abstract: Let $K$ be a perfect field, $L$ be an extension field of $K$ and $A,Binmathcal{M}_n(K)$. If $A$ has $n$ distinct eigenvalues in $L$ that are explicitly known, then we can check if $A,B$ are simultaneously triangularizable over $L$. Now we assume that $A,B$ have a common invariant proper vector subspace of dimension $k$ over an extension field of $K$ and that $ch{i}_A$, the characteristic polynomial of $A$, is irreducible over $K$. Let $G$ be the Galois group of $ch{i}_A$. We show the following results i) If $kin1,n-1$, then $A,B$ commute. ii) If $1leqkleqn-1$ and $G=mathcal{S}_n$ or $G=mathcal{A}_n$, then $AB=BA$. iii) If $1leqkleqn-1$ and $n$ is a prime number, then $AB=BA$. Yet, when $n=4,k=2$, we show that $A,B$ do not necessarily commute if $G$ is not $mathcal{S}_4$ or $mathcal{A}_4$. Finally we apply the previous results to solving a matrix equation.

Review text

Let \(K\) be a perfect field (i.e., every irreducible polynomial over \(K\) has only simple roots in the algebraic closure \(\bar K\) of \(K\)). For an \(n\times n\) matrix \(M\) over \(K\) let \(\sigma(M)\) denote the set of eigenvalues of \(M\) in \(\bar K\). Two \(n\times n\) matrices \(A, B\) over \(K\) are said to be simultaneously triangularizable (ST) over \(K\) if there is a matrix \(P\) such that \(P^{-1}AP\) and \(P^{-1}BP\) are both upper triangular. The main results of the paper are: (i) If \(A\) and \(B\) are two \(n\times n\) matrices over \(K\) and \(A\) has \(n\) distinct and explicitly known eigenvalues in an extension field \(L\) of \(K\), the author gives an algorithm deciding whether or not \(A\) and \(B\) are ST over \(L\), and (ii) If \(A\) and \(B\) are two \(n\times n\) matrices over \(K\) with a common invariant eigenvector subspace of dimension \(k\) over \(L\), and if the characteristic polynomial of \(A\) is irreducible over \(K\), the author derives several sufficient conditions for \(AB = BA\). The final section solves a certain matrix equation using these results.

Recommendations

• Common eigenvectors and quasicommutativity of sets of simultaneously triangularizable matrices
• Common invariant subspaces of two matrices
• On condensed forms for partially commuting matrices
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Cites work

• A criterion for the existence of common invariant subspaces of matrices
• Common eigenvectors of two matrices
• Common invariant subspaces of two matrices
• How to solve the matrix equation \(XA-AX=f(X)\)
• Invariant Subspaces of Matrices with Applications
• On the simultaneous triangulability of matrices
• Pairs of matrices, one of which commutes with their commutator

Cited in

(8)

• On stability of invariant subspaces of commuting matrices
• On two approaches to the common invariant subspace problem for a pair of matrices
• On matrices in prescribed conjugacy classes with no common invariant subspace and sum zero
• Constructing invariant subspaces as kernels of commuting matrices
• Simplicity of spectra for certain multidimensional continued fraction algorithms
• Pairs of matrices, one of which commutes with their commutator
• On the existence of a common eigenvector for all matrices in the commutant of a single matrix
• Length function and simultaneous triangularization of matrix pairs

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