Common valuations of division polynomials
Let \(E\) be an elliptic curve defined over a discrete valuation field \(K\). By fixing a Weierstrass model for \(E\), the sequence \(\{nP\}_{n\in\mathbb{N}}\) of the multiples of a point \(P \in E(K)\) can be easily determined in terms of recurrent formulas \(nP = (\phi_n(P)/\psi_n^2(P), \omega_n(P)/\psi_n^3(P))\). The main goal of this paper is to understand when \(v(\phi_n(P))\) and \(v(\psi_n(P))\) are both positive, for a fixed discrete valuation \(v\) of \(K\), and also obtain the maximum exponent of a local parameter at \(P\) dividing both \(\phi_n(P)\) and \(\psi_n(P)\). The answer to this problem is given in Theorem 1.1, which extends the main theorem of [\textit{P. Voutier} and \textit{M. Yabuta}, J. Number Theory 229, 16--38 (2021; Zbl 1487.11058)].\N\NThe key step to prove the main theorem of this paper is to ``decompose \(\phi_n(P) = x(P)\psi_n^2(P) + \psi_{n-1}(P)\psi_{n+1}(P)\) and note that \(v(\psi_n^2(P))\) can be written as the sum of local intersection numbers and correction terms, which were explicitly obtained by the authors in Lemma 3.4 in terms of the Kodaira symbol and an information on the group of components of the special fiber.\N\NIn Section 4, the authors provide applications for their main theorem. The first one extends a result of [\textit{M. Verzobio}, Riv. Mat. Univ. Parma (N.S.) 13, No. 1, 223--242 (2022; Zbl 1526.11006)], by showing that the square root of the denominator of \((x(nP))R\) (where \(R\) is a principal ideal domain) can be generated by a sequence of elements obtained recursively. The second application provides the explicit value of \(\min\{v(\psi_n^2(P)), v(\phi_n(P))\}\) in the function field case.
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