Commutators, Little BMO and Weak Factorization

Publication date 26 November 2018

Abstract: In this paper, we provide a direct and constructive proof of weak factorization of

h^{1} (m a t h b b R)

(the predual of little BMO space bmo

(m a t h b b R i m e s m a t h b b R)

studied by Cotlar-Sadosky and Ferguson-Sadosky), i.e., for every

f i n h^{1} (m a t h b b R i m e s m a t h b b R)

there exist sequences

a l p h a_{j}^{k} i n e l l^{1}

and functions

g_{j}^{k}, h_{j}^{k} i n L^{2} (m a t h b b R^{2})

such that �egin{align*} f=sum_{k=1}^inftysum_{j=1}^inftyalpha^k_jBig(, h^k_j H_1H_2 g^k_j - g^k_j H_1H_2 h^k_jBig) end{align*} in the sense of

h^{1} (m a t h b b R)

, where

H_{1}

and

H_{2}

are the Hilbert transforms on the first and second variable, respectively. Moreover, the norm

| f |_{h^{1} (m a t h b b R i m e s m a t h b b R)}

is given in terms of

| g_{j}^{k} |_{L^{2} (m a t h b b R^{2})}

and

| h_{j}^{k} |_{L^{2} (m a t h b b R^{2})}

. By duality, this directly implies a lower bound on the norm of the commutator

[b, H_{1} H_{2}]

in terms of

| b |_{m b m o (m a t h b b R i m e s m a t h b b R)}

. Our method bypasses the use of analyticity and the Fourier transform, and hence can be extended to the higher dimension case in an arbitrary

n

-parameter setting for the Riesz transforms.

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