Commutators of imaginary powers of Laplace operators
For each \(u\in\mathbb R\setminus\{0\}\) let \(K_u\) be given by \(K_u(x):=C(u)| u| ^{-n+\imath u}\) with \(C(U):=\pi^{-\frac n2+\imath u}\times\Gamma(n-\frac{\imath u}2)\Gamma(\frac{\imath u}2)\). Then the singular integral operators \(T_u\) on \({S}(\mathbb R^n)\) are defined by \(T_uf=K_u*f\), the convolution, and for \(b\in \text{BMO}(\mathbb R^n)\), the commutator \(T_{u,v}\) is defined as \[ T_{u,b}f(x)= p.v.\int_{\mathbb R^n}K_u(x-y)[b(x)-b(y)]f(y)\,dy. \] The following two theorems are proved in the paper. Let \(b\in \text{BMO}(\mathbb R^n).\) Then \(T_{u,b}\) maps \(H^1(\mathbb R^n)\) boundedly into weak-\(L^1(\mathbb R^n)\); i.e., there exists a constant \(c=c(n)\) such that for all \(f\in H^1(\mathbb R^n)\) \[ | \{x\in\mathbb R^n: | T_{u,b}f(x)| >\alpha\}| \leq \frac c2(1+| u| )^{\frac n2}\| f\| _{H^1(\mathbb R^n)} \] for all \(\alpha>0\). Let \(b\in \text{BMO}(\mathbb R^n)\) and \(0<p\leq 1\). The inequality \[ \| T_{u,b}f\| _{L^p(\mathbb R^n)}\leq C_p(1+| u| )^{\frac np-\frac n2}\| f\| _{H_b^p(\mathbb R^n)} \] holds for all \(f\in H_b^p(\mathbb R^n)\). Here \(H_b^p(\mathbb R^n)\) stands for the atomic Hardy space.
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