Compactness of Lobe spaces

Abstract: In this paper we show that the compactness of a Loeb space depends on its cardinality, the nonstandard universe it belongs to and the underlying model of set theory we live in. In section 1 we prove that Loeb spaces are compact under various assumptions, and in section 2 we prove that Loeb spaces are not compact under various other assumptions. The results in section 1 and section 2 give a quite complete answer to a question of D. Ross.

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We recall that an atomless probability measure space \((\Omega,\Sigma,P)\) is called compact whenever there exists an inner-regular subfamily \(E\) of \(\Sigma\) with the property that for any subfamily \(D\) of \(E\) with the finite intersection property \(\bigcap D\neq\emptyset\). \(E\) is called inner-regular on \(\Omega\) if for any \(A\in\Sigma\), \(P(A)= \sup(P(C): C\subseteq A\cap C\in E)\). This concept of compactness is a non-topological version of the well-known compactness concept for Radon spaces. In this paper, the authors present answers to a question raised by D. Ross: Are Loeb spaces compact? It turns out that it all depends on the cardinality of the Loeb space, the nonstandard universe it belongs to, and the underlying model of set theory. For the latter, the authors assume it to be a transitive model of \(ZFC\). The nonstandard models involved are assumed to be at least \(\omega_1\)-saturated. In the first section, the positive results are presented showing that under certain conditions the so-called hyperfinite Loeb spaces are compact. \((\Omega,\Sigma,P)\) is called a hyperfinite Loeb space if \(\Omega= \{1,2,\dots, H\}\), \(H\) infinitely large, \(\Sigma\) the algebra of all interval subsets of \(\Omega\) and \(P(A):= st(\#(A)/H)\). If the continuum hypothesis holds and the external cardinal of the set of natural number is \(\omega_1\), then every hyperfinite Loeb space is compact. If Martin's axiom holds and the nonstandard model is \(2^\omega\)-saturated and the external cardinal of the set of natural numbers is \(2^\omega\), then again every hyperfinite Loeb space is compact. From the negative results we quote the following: If \(\lambda\) is a regular cardinal such that \(\kappa^\omega< \lambda\) for all \(\kappa<\lambda\) and the external cardinal of the Loeb space \(\Omega\) is \(\lambda\), then the corresponding hyperfinite Loeb spaces are not compact.

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