Compactness properties in the fuzzy real line
This paper contains a thorough investigation of fuzzy compactness, \(\alpha\)-compactness, strong compactness, and ultracompactness for subspaces of the fuzzy real line with [0,1] as the underlying lattice. The results are based on Lowen's important work which recognized Hutton's fuzzy real line as the set of probability measures on \({\mathbb{R}}\) with a natural fuzzy topology and which showed that ultracompactness in the fuzzy real line is equivalent to weak compactness in the set of probability measures [see the author, Math. Nachr. 115, 33-57 (1984) and The order aspect of the fuzzy real line Manuscripta Math. (to appear)]. The first result of the paper concerns the special subspaces (e.g., the fuzzy intervals) associated with X, a Borel subset of \({\mathbb{R}}\). For such subspaces the four kinds of compactness (\(\alpha\)-compactness for \(\alpha <)\) are equivalent to the compactness of X. As a corollary the author answers certain questions posed by \textit{S. E. Rodabaugh} [in R. R. Yager (ed.): Recent Developments in Fuzzy Set and Possibility Theory, 402-418 (1982)]. Secondly, for weakly closed subspaces, fuzzy compactness, strong compactness and ultracompactness are equivalent to tightness for the set of probability measures. Thirdly, for arbitrary subspaces, there are no relationships among these types of compactness except for the general implications previously reported by \textit{R. Lowen} [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 64, 446-454 (1978; Zbl 0381.54004)].
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