Compensated Compactness and Paracommutators

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\textit{R. Coifman, P. L. Lion, Y. Meyer} and \textit{S. Semmes} [J. Math. Pures Appl., IX. Sér. 72, 247-286 (1993; Zbl 0864.42009)] have given several approaches using harmonic analysis to deal with compensated compactness. In this paper the authors provide a new look at compensated compactness and paracommutators. They obtain five theorems. For example: The \(H^1\)-regularity of compensated quantities is equivalent to bounded mean oscillation boundedness of paracommutators. The Schatten-von Neumann \(S_p\)-regularity in terms of the Besov spaces is a natural generalization on VMO compactness. They also show many interesting examples including the div-curl problem, the Clifford Hankel operators, Toeplitz type operators on Bergman spaces. We state two of their results. The bilinear operator \(Q_{\widetilde{A}}(f,g)\) is defined by \[ Q_{\widetilde{A}}(f,g)(x)= \int_{\mathbb{R}^n}\int_{\mathbb{R}^n} \widehat{f}( \xi)\xi\widehat{g}(\eta) \widetilde{A}(\xi, \eta)e^{-i(\xi + \eta) \cdot x} d \xi d \eta, \] and let \[ F_A = \{w = Q_{\widetilde{A}}(f,g): \|f \|_2 \leq 1, \|g \|_2 \leq 1 \}. \] They prove the following: If \(\widetilde{A}\) satisfies appropriate conditions, then (1) \(Q_{\widetilde{A}}\) maps \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^n) \times L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)\) into \(H^1(\mathbb{R}^n)\). (2) \(f\) is in \(H^1(\mathbb{R}^n)\) if and only if \(f\) can be written as \(f = \sum_{j=0}^{\infty} \lambda_j w_j\), where \(\sum |\lambda_j |< \infty \) and \(w_j \in F_A\). To prove these results, they consider the paracommutator \[ ( T_b(A)f)^{\wedge}(\xi) = \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} \widehat{b}(\xi - \eta) \widetilde{A}(\xi, \eta)\widehat{f}(\eta)d \eta. \]











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