Completely integrable torus actions on complex manifolds with fixed points
The aim of the paper is to prove the following main result (Theorem 1). Let \(M\) be a connected complex manifold of complex dimension \(n\) equipped with a faithful action of the torus \((S^1)^n\) by biholomorphisms. If \(M\) is compact and the action has fixed points, then there exists a unimodular fan \(\Delta\) and an \((S^1)^n\)-equivariant biholomorphism of the corresponding smooth toric variety \(M_{\Delta}\) with \(M\). In the introduction the authors relate this result to the question of V. Buchstaber and T. Panov of whether there exists a non-toric quasitoric manifold that admits an \((S^1)^n\)-invariant complex structure and give a negative answer to it. They also deduce a symplectic analogue of the main theorem and point out that in Theorem 1 one cannot replace the assumption ``complex for the manifold \(M\) by ``almost complex as well as one should assume that \(M\) is compact and the action has fixed points. The proof of the main theorem is given at the end of the paper. In Section 2 it is proved that in the previous assumptions the \((S^1)^n\)-action extends to holomorphic \((\mathbb{C}^{*})^{n}\)-action and in Section 3 the latter action is proved to be faithful if there exists a fixed point. If \(p\) is a fixed point of the \((S^1)^n\)-action on \(M\) and \(\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_n\) are the isotropy weights at \(p\) then \(\mathbb{C}_{\alpha_i}\) denotes \(\mathbb{C}\) with the \((S^1)^n\)-action that is obtained by composing a homomorphism \((S^1)^n\to S^1\) encoded by the weight \(\alpha_i\) with the standard action of \(S^1\) on \(\mathbb{C}\). The following important result is then proved (Lemma 7). Suppose that the \((S^1)^n\)-action extends to a \((\mathbb{C}^{*})^n\)-action. Then there exists an invariant open beighbourhood \(V_p\) of \(p\) in \(M\) and an \((S^1)^n\)-equivariant biholomorphism of \(V_p\) with \(\mathbb{C}_{\alpha_1}\oplus\cdots\oplus\mathbb{C}_{\alpha_n}\). In Sections 4 and 5, assuming the previous assumptions as well as that the fixed point set is nonempty and finite, the authors describe an open subset \(X\) of \(M\) and a unimodular fan \(\Delta\) in the following way:NEWLINENEWLINE 1) the set \(X\) is the union of subsets \(V_p\) over all fixed points \(p\) in \(M\),NEWLINENEWLINE 2) the \(n\)-dimensional cones in \(\Delta\) are in bijection with the fixed points \(p\) and the cone corresponding to the fixed point \(p\) is \(\mathrm{pos}(\lambda_{i_1},\ldots,\lambda_{i_n})\), where \(\lambda_{i_1},\ldots,\lambda_{i_n}\) is a basis of \(\mathrm{Lie}(S^1)^n\) that is dual to the basis \(\alpha_{p,1},\ldots,\alpha_{p,n}\) of \((Lie(S^1)^n)^{*}\). In Lemma 15 it is proved that there exists an \((S^1)^n\)-equivariant biholomorphism between \(M_{\Delta}\) and X. In the last Section 6 the authors return to the case when \(M\) is compact and prove that the fan \(\Delta\) will be complete (Lemma 17). This implies that the toric variety \(M_{\Delta}\) is compact and so X must also be compact. As \(M\) is Hausdorff and connected and X is a compact and open subset in \(M\), then \(X\) must be all of \(M\). We obtain an equivariant biholomorphism from \(M_{\Delta}\) to \(M\) and the main theorem is proved.NEWLINENEWLINEReviewer's remarks:NEWLINENEWLINE1) On p. 1288, bottom, after Remark 8, it should be written ``this orbit IS free instead of ``this orbit AND free and is dense in \(M\)\dots;NEWLINENEWLINE2) On p. 1292, top, in the property (2), it should be written ``in bijection with the fixed points \(p\in F\) instead of ``in bijection with the fixed point sets \(p\in F\).
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