Complex B-splines

DOI10.1016/J.ACHA.2005.07.003MaRDI QIDQ2368867zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors B. Forster, Thierry Blu, M. Unser

Publication date 28 April 2006

Published in Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/130312

zbMATH Keywords

complex splines multiresolution analysis Riesz basis

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Spline approximation (41A15) Nontrigonometric harmonic analysis involving wavelets and other special systems (42C40)

Review text

Suppose \(z=\alpha+i\gamma\), \(\alpha >-{1\over 2}\), \(\gamma \in {\mathbb R}\). The complex B-spline \(\beta^z\) of complex degree \(z\) is defined in \(L_2({\mathbb R})\) via its Plancherel transform \[ {\hat \beta}^z(\omega)=\left ({1-e^{-i\omega} \over i\omega} \right )^{z+1}=e^{(z+1)\ln w},\quad w={1-e^{-i\omega} \over i\omega}, \] where the principal branch of \(\ln w\) is considered. The shifted variant \(\beta_y^z\) is defined in \(L_2({\mathbb R})\) by \[ {\hat \beta}_y^z(\omega)=\left ({1-e^{-i\omega} \over i\omega} \right )^{{z+1 \over 2}-y} \left ({1-e^{-i\omega} \over -i\omega} \right )^{{z+1 \over 2}+y}. \] The complex B-splines \(\beta^z\) and \(\beta_y^z\) are well-defined, uniformly continuous, and elements of \(L_2({\mathbb R})\). In the time domain, \[ \beta^z(x)={1 \over \Gamma (z+1)}\sum_{k\geq 0} (-1)^k{{z+1} \choose k} (x-k)_+^z, \] where \[ {{z+1} \choose k}={\Gamma (z+2) \over \Gamma(k+1)\Gamma(z+2-k)}. \] When \(z \in {\mathbb N}\), one obtains from this the classic Schoenberg polynomial spline. An explicit formula for \(\beta_y^z\) in the time domain is also found. Both \(\beta^z\) and \(\beta_y^z\) belong to the Sobolev spaces \(W_2^r({\mathbb R})\) with \(r<\alpha+1/2\). The well-known recurrence relations carry over to the complex case, and so does the multiresulution analysis. Finally, the authors prove that the complex B-splines converge to modulated Gaussians as their degree increases and that they are asymptotically optimally localized in the time-frequency plane in the sense of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.

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