Complexity of 3-orbifolds

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2005.06.002MaRDI QIDQ2493883zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Carlo Petronio

Publication date 16 June 2006

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0410433

zbMATH Keywords

3-orbifoldconnected sumfinitenessMatveev complexity

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

General low-dimensional topology (57M99)

Abstract: We extend Matveev's theory of complexity for 3-manifolds, based on simple spines, to (closed, orientable, locally orientable) 3-orbifolds. We prove naturality and finiteness for irreducible 3-orbifolds, and, with certain restrictions and subtleties, additivity under orbifold connected sum. We also develop the theory of handle decompositions for 3-orbifolds and the corresponding theory of normal 2-suborbifolds.

Review text

The author extends Matveev's theory of complexity for \(3\)-manifolds to closed, orientable, locally orientable \(3\)-orbifolds. A special polyhedron (fake surface) \(P\) is a \textit{spine} of a \(3\)-orbifold \(X\) if \(P\) is embedded in \(X\) such that (1) \(P\) intersects the singular set \(S(X)\) transversely only at surface points of \(P\) and non-vertex points of \(S(X)\) and (2) each component of \(| X| \) cut along \(P\) is isomorphic to a \(3\)-discal orbifold \(D_{\star}^3\). The complexity \(c(P,S(X))\) of \(P\) relative to \(S(X)\) is defined to be (the number of vertices of \(P) + \Sigma (p -1)\), where the sum is over all points \(x\) of \(P\cap S(X)\) and the order of \(S(X)\) at \(x\) is \(p\). The \textit{complexity} \(c(X)\) is then defined to be the minimum of \(c(P,S(X))\) over all spines \(P\) of \(X\). The author shows that, with some exceptions, an irreducible orbifold \(X\) has special minimal spines \(P\) (i.e. \(c(P,S(X)) = c(X)\)). A corollary is that for any given \(n\) there are only finitely many irreducible \(3\)-orbifolds \(X\) of complexity \(n\). He then considers \textit{normal} \(2\)-suborbifolds with respect to \textit{handle decompositions} of \(3\)-orbifolds and shows that essential spherical \(2\)-orbifolds in \(X\) can be normalized (thereby extending the corresponding \(3\)-manifold result of Haken). This is applied to obtain results about additivity of the complexity under orbifold connected sum.

Recommendations

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Cites work

• Algorithmic topology and classification of 3-manifolds
• Complexity of 3-manifolds
• Complexity theory of three-dimensional manifolds
• Geometrization of 3-dimensional orbifolds
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2116305 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3401836 (Why is no real title available?)
• Spherical splitting of 3-orbifolds
• Theorie der Normalflächen. Ein Isotopiekriterium für den Kreisknoten
• Transformation Groups and Natural Bundles

Cited in

(6)

• Colored Turaev-Viro invariants of twist knots
• A general theory of orbifolds, and essential 2-suborbifolds respecting graph products
• Notes on the complexity of 3-valent graphs in 3-manifolds
• Links and spines
• Complexity of links in 3-manifolds
• Equivariant Heegaard genus of reducible 3-manifolds

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