Concentration of points on two and three dimensional modular hyperbolas and applications

DOI10.1007/S00039-011-0127-6MaRDI QIDQ719072zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Javier Cilleruelo, Moubariz Z. Garaev

Publication date 27 September 2011

Published in Geometric and Functional Analysis. GAFA (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1007.1526

zbMATH Keywords

congruencesnumber of solutionsproductupper bound

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Congruences; primitive roots; residue systems (11A07) Other combinatorial number theory (11B75) Congruences in many variables (11D79)

Abstract: Let $p$ be a large prime number, $K,L,M,lambda$ be integers with $1leMlep$ and $colorredgcd(lambda,p)=1.$ The aim of our paper is to obtain sharp upper bound estimates for the number $I_2(M;K,L)$ of solutions of the congruence ${\displaystyle }$ xyequivlambda pmod p, qquad K+1le xle K+M,quad L+1le yle L+M ${\displaystyle }$ and for the number $I_3(M;L)$ of solutions of the congruence ${\displaystyle }$xyzequivlambdapmod p, quad L+1le x,y,zle L+M. ${\displaystyle }$ We obtain a bound for $I_2(M;K,L),$ which improves several recent results of Chan and Shparlinski. For instance, we prove that if $M<p^{1/4},$ then $I_2(M;K,L)le{M}^{o(1)}.$ For $I_3(M;L)$ we prove that if $M<p^{1/8}$ then $I_3(M;L)le{M}^{o(1)}.$ Our results have applications to some other problems as well. For instance, it follows that if $mathcal{I}_1,mathcal{I}_2,mathcal{I}_3$ are intervals in $F_p^{\ast }$ of length $|mathcal{I}_i|<p^{1/8},$ then ${\displaystyle }$ |mathcal{I}_1cdot mathcal{I}_2cdot mathcal{I}_3|= (|mathcal{I}_1|cdot |mathcal{I}_2|cdot |mathcal{I}_3|)^{1-o(1)}. ${\displaystyle }$

Review text

This paper is concerned firstly with the number \(I_2(M;K,L)\) of integer solutions \((x,y)\) of a congruence \(xy\equiv a\pmod{p}\), lying in specified intervals \(K<x\leq K+M\) and \(L<y\leq L+M\). Here \(K,L,M\) are all assumed to be integers, and \(a\) is an integer not divisible by the prime \(p\). As is well known, one may use Kloosterman sums to show that \(I_2(M;K,L)\) is asymptotic to \(M^2/p\) as soon as \(M\) is larger than about \(p^{3/4}\), but the emphasis here is on upper bounds when \(M\) is smaller than \(p^{3/4}\). Thus it is shown that for any \(\varepsilon>0\) one has \[ I_2(M;K,L)\ll_{\varepsilon} M^{\varepsilon}(M^{4/3}p^{-1/3}+1) \] and \[ I_2(M;L,L)\ll_{\varepsilon} M^{\varepsilon}(M^{3/2}p^{-1/2}+1) \] uniformly in \(K\) and \(L\). In particular one has \(I_2(M;K,L)\ll_{\varepsilon} M^{\varepsilon}\) as long as \(M\leq p^{1/4}\). The idea behind the proof comes from the reviewer's paper [Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 83, 357--375 (1978; Zbl 0375.10027)]. The paper goes on to examine \(I_3(M;L)\), defined as the number of integer triples \(x,y,z\in (L,L+M]\) satisfying a congruence \(xyz\equiv a\pmod{p}\). Here it is shown that \(I_3(M;L)\ll_{\varepsilon} M^{\varepsilon}\) provided that \(M\ll p^{1/8}\). The proof of this uses a familiar estimate for the number of solutions of an inhomogeneous binary quadratic equation \(q(x,y)=0\) lying in a square. As a corollary it is shown that for any intervals \(X,Y,Z\) in \(\mathbb{F}_p^{\times}\) with lengths at most \(p^{1/8}\) one has \(\#(XYZ)=\left((\# X)(\# Y)(\# Z)\right)^{1+o(1)}\). A second corollary relates to the number \(J_a(M;K,L)\) of integer solutions \(x\in (K,K+M]\) and \(y\in(L,L+M]\) of the congruence \(y\equiv am^x\pmod{p}\). Here \(m\) is an element of order \(t\), say. For \(M<t\) it is shown that \[ J_a(M;K,L)\ll_{\varepsilon} M^{1/2+\varepsilon}(M^{3/4}p^{-1/4}+1) \] and \[ J_a(M;K,L)\ll_{\varepsilon} M^{1/3+\varepsilon}(Mp^{-1/8}+1) \] improving a result of \textit{T. H. Chan} and \textit{I. E. Shparlinski} [Acta Arith. 142, No. 1, 59--66 (2010; Zbl 1198.11002)].

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Cited in

(36)

• On the concentration of points of polynomial maps and applications
• Modular hyperbolas
• Mixing time of fractional random walk on finite fields
• Modular hyperbolas and bilinear forms of Kloosterman sums
• Multiplicative congruences with variables from short intervals
• Close values of shifted modular inversions and the decisional modular inversion hidden number problem
• On points of the modular hyperbola under the graph of a linear function
• On the fixed points of the map x x^x modulo a prime. II.
• On congruences with products of variables from short intervals and applications
• Points on polynomial curves in small boxes modulo an integer
• Kloosterman sums over primes of composite moduli
• Sums of fractions modulo p
• Linear congruences with ratios
• On bilinear exponential and character sums with reciprocals of polynomials
• Additive combinatorics: with a view towards computer science and cryptography -- an exposition
• On small gaps between the elements of multiplicative subgroups of finite fields
• Concentration of points on modular quadratic forms
• Sparsity of the intersection of polynomial images of an interval
• Product of subsets of small intervals and points on exponential curves modulo a prime
• On the convex hull of the points on multivariate modular hyperbolas
• Concentration of points on curves in finite fields
• Correcting noisy exponentiation black-boxes modulo a prime
• Double exponential sums with exponential functions
• Points on curves in small boxes and applications
• Explicit Salem sets, Fourier restriction, and metric Diophantine approximation in the p-adic numbers
• A note on n! modulo p
• Bilinear sums of Gauss sums
• Szemerédi-Trotter type results in arbitrary finite fields
• Bounds on bilinear forms with Kloosterman sums
• On a girth-free variant of the Bourgain-Gamburd machine
• An almost all result on \(q_1 q_2 \equiv c\pmod q\)
• Zero distribution of power series and binary correlation of coefficients
• Large sieve inequalities for exceptional Maass forms and the greatest prime factor of n^2+1
• Random Chowla's conjecture for Rademacher multiplicative functions
• Distribution of exponential functions modulo a prime power
• Congruences with intervals and subgroups modulo a prime

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