Condensation and densification for sets of large diameter
Let \(\mathcal{A}\) be a finite set of integers, with cardinality \(A\). The diameter and enveloping radius of \(\mathcal{A}\) defined as follows\N\[\N\mathrm{diam}(\mathcal{A})=\max\mathcal{A} -\min\mathcal{A} +1,\quad \mathrm{env}(\mathcal{A})=\max \{ |a|:a\in \mathcal{A}\}+1.\N\]\NThese measures play a critical role in the best available upper bounds for certain mean values of additive number theory, including \(J_{s,k}(\mathcal{A})\), the number of solutions of the system of equations\N\[\Nx_1^j+\cdots +x_s^j=x_{s+1}^j+\cdots +x_{2s}^j\quad (1\le j\le k),\N\]\Nwith \(x_i\in \mathcal{A}\) \((1\le i\le 2s)\). This is related by the Vinogradov's mean value theorem, and satisfies \(J_{s,k}(\mathcal{A})\ll\mathrm{diam}(\mathcal{A})^\varepsilon (A^s+A^{2s-k(k+1)/2})\), based on the work of \textit{T. D. Wooley} [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 118, No. 4, 942--1016 (2019; Zbl 1456.11149)]. Focusing on the case that \(\mathrm{diam}(\mathcal{A})\) is very large, or equivalently, when the set \(\mathcal{A}\) is very sparse, in the paper under review, the author considers the problem of finding a new set of integers \(\mathcal{B}\) which is Freiman \(\mathbf{P}\)-isomorphic to \(\mathcal{A}\), with elements intrinsically smaller than those of \(\mathcal{A}\), such that the set \(\mathcal{B}\) preserves the salient features of the solution set of the system of equations in question. Among several reported results are those obtained assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis for all Dedekind zeta functions.\N\NFor the entire collection see [Zbl 1559.11004].
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