Conditional probabilities and density operators in quantum modeling

DOI10.1007/S10701-006-9053-0MaRDI QIDQ862638zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors John M. Myers

Publication date 24 January 2007

Published in Foundations of Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0506068

zbMATH Keywords

conditional probabilitiesdensity operatorspartial tracesPOVMsquantum cryptographytensor products

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Vector-valued set functions, measures and integrals (28B05) Functions whose values are linear operators (operator- and matrix-valued functions, etc., including analytic and meromorphic ones) (47A56) Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15) Quantum computation (81P68) Cryptography (94A60)

Abstract: Based on a recent proof of free choices in linking equations to the experiments they describe, I clarify relations among some purely mathematical entities featured in quantum mechanics (probabilities, density operators, partial traces, and operator-valued measures), thereby allowing applications of these entities to the modeling of a wider variety of physical situations. Conditional probabilities associated with projection-valued measures are expressed by introducing conditional density operators, identical in some but not all cases to the usual reduced density operators. By lifting density operators to the extended Hilbert space featured in Neumark's theorem, I show an obstacle to extending conditional density operators to arbitrary positive operator-valued measures (POVMs); however, tensor products of POVMs are compatible with conditional density operators. By way of application, conditional density operators together with the free choice of probe particles allow the so-called postulate of state reductions to be replaced by a theorem. A second application demonstrates an equivalence between one form of quantum key distribution and another, allowing a formulation of individual eavesdropping attacks against transmitted-state BB84 to work also for entangled-state BB84.

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Cited in

(7)

• An approach to quantum mechanics via conditional probabilities
• Entanglement mapping vs. quantum conditional probability operator
• What probabilities tell about quantum systems, with application to entropy and entanglement
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7449983 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4119006 (Why is no real title available?)
• Conditional average in a quantum system with postselection
• Conditional density operators and the subjectivity of quantum operations

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