Congruences and conjectures for the partition function

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A new construction of half-integral weight modular forms whose coefficients capture values of \(p(n)\) modulo \(l\), for primes \(l\geq 5\), is given. Explicit examples are given in the cases \(l=5,7\) and 11. For example, \[ \sum_{n=0}^\infty p(5n+1) q^{5n+1}+ \sum_{n=0}^\infty p(5n+2) q^{5n+2}\equiv q(q;q)_\infty^{23} \pmod 5, \] \[ \begin{multlined} \sum_{n=0}^\infty p(7n+1) q^{7n+1}+ \sum_{n=0}^\infty p(7n+3) q^{7n+3}+ \sum_{n=0}^\infty p(7n+4) q^{7n+4}\\ \equiv q(q;q)_\infty^{23} \biggl( 1+240 \sum_{j=1}^\infty \frac{j^3q^j} {1-q^j} \biggr)^3+ 3q^2 (q;q)_\infty^{47} \pmod 7. \end{multlined} \] The modulo 11 result is longer. The paper ends with a list of six general conjectures, a problem and a speculation. Some supporting numerical evidence is given. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0980.00024].




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