Constrained von Neumann inequalities

restricted to a suitable invariant subspace is an extremal operator. Several operator radii are used instead of the operator norm. Applications to inequalities of coefficients of rational functions positive on the torus are given.

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Let \(S^*\) be the backward shift operator on \(\ell^2\), that is, \(S^*(x_0,x_1)=(x_1,x_2,\ldots)\). An equivalent version of the classical von Neumann inequality says that for every Hilbert space contraction \(T\) and every polynomial \(p\) we have \(\| p(T)\| _{{\mathcal B}(H)}\leq \| p(S^*)\| _{{\mathcal B}(\ell^2)}\); that is, \(S^*\) is extremal. The paper under review generalizes these type of inequalities. To this end, the notion of admissible operator radius is introduced; this is a map \(w:{\mathcal B}(H)\to [0,\infty]\) such that (i) \(w(U^*TU)=w(T)\) for each unitary \(U\) and \(T\in {\mathcal B}(H)\); (ii) if \(E\) is an invariant subspace for \(T\in{\mathcal B}(H)\), then \(w(T| _E)\leq w(T);\) and (iii) if \(T^{(\infty)}\) denotes the countable orthogonal sum \(T\oplus T\oplus\dots\), then \(w(T^{(\infty)})=w(T)\). The results obtained then roughly read as follows: if \(T\) is a Hilbert space contraction satisfying some constraints and \({\omega}\) is an admissible operator radius, then there exists an invariant subspace \(E\) of \(S^*\) such that for every polynomial \(p\) one has \(\omega(p(T))\leq \omega(p(S^*| _E))\). As one of many interesting applications of their results, the following estimates for the numerical radius \(\omega_2(T)=\sup\{| \langle Tx,x\rangle| : x\in H\), \(\| x\| =1\}\) of \(T\) are given: If \(T\in {\mathcal B}(H)\) satisfies \(\| T\| \leq 1\), \(T^3\geq 0\) and \(I-2T^*T+T^{*2}T^2=0\), then \(\omega_2(T)\leq \sqrt{7/24}\) and \(\omega_2(T^2)\leq \sqrt{1/12}\), where the constants are the best possible. Further applications to harmonic analysis involve generalizations of coefficient inequalities for positive trigonometric polynomials due to Fejer, Egerváry and Százs.

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