Continuous horizontally rigid functions of two variables are affine

DOI10.1007/S00010-011-0110-1MaRDI QIDQ1759592zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Richárd Balka, Márton Elekes

Publication date 21 November 2012

Published in Aequationes Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1109.4933

zbMATH Keywords

horizontally rigid functionssystems of functional equations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Functional equations for real functions (39B22) Systems of functional equations and inequalities (39B72)

Abstract: Cain, Clark and Rose defined a function $fcolonR{R}^{n}oRR$ to be emph{vertically rigid} if $graph(cf)$ is isometric to $graph(f)$ for every $ceq0$. It is emph{horizontally rigid} if $graph(f(cvecx))$ is isometric to $graph(f)$ for every $ceq0$ (see cite{CCR}). In an earlier paper the authors of the present paper settled Jankovi'c's conjecture by showing that a continuous function of one variable is vertically rigid if and only if it is of the form $a+bx$ or $a+b{e}^{kx}$ ($a,b,kinRR$). Later they proved that a continuous function of two variables is vertically rigid if and only if after a suitable rotation around the z-axis it is of the form $a+bx+dy$, $a+s(y)e^{kx}$ or $a+b{e}^{kx}+dy$ ($a,b,d,kinRR$, $keq0$, $s:RRoRR$ continuous). The problem remained open in higher dimensions. The characterization in the case of horizontal rigidity is surprisingly simpler. C. Richter proved that a continuous function of one variable is horizontally rigid if and only if it is of the form $a+bx$ ($a,binRR$). The goal of the present paper is to prove that a continuous function of two variables is horizontally rigid if and only if it is of the form $a+bx+dy$ ($a,b,dinRR$). This problem also remains open in higher dimensions. The main new ingredient of the present paper is the use of functional equations.

Review text

A function \(f: \mathbb R^n \to \mathbb R\) is called horizontally rigid if the graph of the function \(f(c\;\cdot)\) is isometric to the graph of \(f\) for all positive real numbers \(c\). The authors solve a system of functional equations. The result is used to the proof of the following theorem. Theorem. A continuous function \(f:\mathbb R^2 \to \mathbb R\) is horizontally rigid if and only if it is of the form \(a+bx+dy\) \((a, b, d \in \mathbb{R})\).

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Cites work

• Continuous rigid functions
• The structure of continuous rigid functions of two variables
• The structure of rigid functions
• Vertically rigid functions

Cited in

(2)

• The structure of rigid functions
• The structure of continuous rigid functions of two variables

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