Controllability of tree-shaped networks of vibrating strings

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The aim of this very important paper is to drive the network to rest in finite time by means of an appropriate choice of the control. A tree-shaped network of vibrating strings is considered. The motion of the network is described by the system NEWLINE\[NEWLINEu_{m,tt}- u_{m,xx}= 0\qquad\text{in }[0,\ell_m]\times \mathbb{R},NEWLINE\]NEWLINE NEWLINE\[NEWLINEu_m(x, 0)= u^0_m(x),\quad u_{m,t}(x, 0)= u^1_m(x)\qquad\text{in }[0, \ell_m],NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(u^0_m(x)\) and \(u^1_m(x)\) are the initial deformation and velocity of the \(m\)th string, respectively, and boundary conditions at the multiple nodes NEWLINE\[NEWLINEu_m(\varepsilon_{m,n}\ell_{m,t})= u_{m'}(\varepsilon_{m'n}\ell_{m',t}),\quad t\in \mathbb{R}\quad\text{for}\quad m,m'\in J_nNEWLINE\]NEWLINE and NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\sum_{m\in J_n} (-1)^{\varepsilon_{m,n}} u_{m,x} (\varepsilon_{m,n}\ell_{m,t})= 0,\quad t\in\mathbb{R}\quad\text{for every }n\in J_nNEWLINE\]NEWLINE and, at the simple ones, NEWLINE\[NEWLINEu_1(0, t)= v(t),\quad u_m(\varepsilon_{m,n}\ell_{m,t})= 0,\quad t\in \mathbb{R} \quad\text{for}\quad m\geq 2\quad\text{and}\quad n\in I_s.NEWLINE\]NEWLINE The problem of controllability when the control acts on the root of the tree is analyzed. Main result: The authors give a necessary and sufficient condition for the approximate controllability of the system in time 2 \((\ell_1+\cdots+ \ell_M)\), where \(\ell_1,\dots, \ell_M\) denote the lengths of the strings of the network. This is a nondegeneracy condition guaranteeing that the spectra of any two subtrees of the network connected at a multiple node are mutually disjoint.




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