Convergence of linear combinations of iterates of an inner function

Abstract: Let

f

be an inner function with

f (0) = 0

which is not a rotation and let

f^{n}

be its

n

-th iterate. Let

a_{n}

be a sequence of complex numbers. We prove that the series

s u m a_{n} f^{n} (x i)

converges at almost every point

x i

of the unit circle if and only if

s u m | a_{n} |^{2} < i n f t y

. The main step in the proof is to show that under this assumption, the function

F = s u m a_{n} f^{n}

has bounded mean oscillation. We also prove that

F

is bounded on the unit disc if and only if

s u m | a_{n} | < i n f t y

. Finally we describe the sequences of coefficients

a_{n}

such that

F

belongs to other classical function spaces, as the disc algebra and the Dirichlet class.

Review text

Let \(\mathbb D\) denote the unit disc in \(\mathbb C\). Any inner function \(f\) on \(\mathbb D\) induces a map from \(\partial\mathbb D\) into itself defined at almost every \(\zeta\in\partial\mathbb D\) by \(f(\zeta) = \lim_{r\to 1} f(r\zeta)\). For \(n\in \mathbb N\) let \(f^n\) denote the \(n\)-th iterate of \(f\). The main purpose of the paper is to study convergence of linear combinations of the iterates \(f^n\). One of the main results of the paper is the following theorem: Let \(f\) be an inner function with \(f(0)=0\) which is not a rotation and let \(\{a_n\}\) be a sequence of complex numbers. Then the series \(\sum a_nf^n(\zeta)\) converges at almost every \(\zeta\in\partial\mathbb D\) if and only if \(\sum|a_n|^2 <\infty\). The proof of this result is based on the following BMOA type estimate. Theorem 1.2. Let \(f\) be an inner function with \(f(0)=0\) which is not a rotation. Then there exists a constant \(C=C(f)>0\) such that for any positive integer \(N\), any set \(\{a_n : n=1,..., N\}\) of complex numbers and any \(z\in\mathbb D\) we have \[ \int_{\partial\mathbb D} \left\vert \sum_{n=1}^M a_n (f^n(\zeta)-f^n(z)) \right\vert^2 P(z,\zeta) dm(\zeta) \le C\sum_{n=1}^N |a_n|^2 (1-|f^n(z)|^2). \] In the above \(P\) denotes the Poisson kernel on \(\mathbb D\times\partial\mathbb D\). As a Corollary, under the above hypothesis on \(f\), if \(\sum |a_n|^2 <\infty\), then \(F=\sum a_n f^n\in \mathrm{BMOA}(\mathbb D)\) and for almost every \(\zeta\in\partial\mathbb D\), \(\lim_{r\to 1} F(r\zeta) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n f^n(\zeta)\). Finally, the author describes the sequences \(\{a_n\}\) such that \(F\) belongs to other classical function spaces, such as the disc algebra and the Dirichlet class.

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