Convergent finite elements for a class of nonconvex variational problems
The purpose of the paper is the analysis of convergent finite element approximations to solutions of \(\min\{F(u)\}\). The functional \(F\) is neither convex nor growing at \(\infty\). For the admissible class \(C_M= \{u:\Omega\to \mathbb{R}\), \(u\) concave, \(0\leq u(x)\leq M\}\) with polygonal domains \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^2\) and linear Courant triangles, the authors show the convergence of the finite element approximations to a minimizer of \(F(u)\). A class of projected Newton methods for the discrete problems yields locally superlinear convergence. The paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, the authors present a finite element discretization of the above problem and prove its convergence. This finite element discretization is nonconforming in the sense that the nonlocal concavity constraint is relaxed and replaced by a suitable penalty functional. They prove that as the penalty parameter \(\varepsilon^{-1}\) increases (at fixed \(N\)), the approximate solutions \(u^N_\varepsilon\) converge to concave functions \(u^N\) that are conforming approximations of \(\min\{F(u)\}\). As a byproduct they prove that these conforming approximations \(u^N\) converge also to a minimizer of \(\{F(u)\}\). The authors present numerical experiments for a model functional \(F\), related to Newton's problem of minimal resistance of a body moving through a fluid.
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