Convexity preserving summability matrices
A real sequence \((x_ n)=(x_ 0,x_ 1,...)\) is said to be convex if \(\Delta^ 2x_ n=x_{n+2}-2x_{n+1}+x_ n\geq 0\) for \(n\geq 0\). Let \((t_ n)\) be such that \(0<t_ n<1\) and \(\lim_{n\to \infty}t_ n=0\). Then \(A_ t[n,k]=t_ n(1-t_ n)^ k\) defines the Abel-matrix \(A_ t\). See \textit{J. A. Fridy} [Can. Math. Bull. 25, 421-427 (1982; Zbl 0437.40006)]. The author obtains necessary and sufficient conditions for the Abel matrices to preserve the convexity of sequences which are in the domain of \(A_ t\). He also shows that Cesáro means of higher orders preserve the convexity of sequences which are in the domain of Cesáro matrices.
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