Counting eigenvalues of Schrödinger operators with fast decaying complex potentials

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2021.108115MaRDI QIDQ2074797zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Alexander Borichev, R. L. Frank, Alexander Volberg

Publication date 11 February 2022

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.05591

nonselfadjoint operator Schrödinger operator

Schrödinger operator, Schrödinger equation (35J10) Singular and oscillatory integrals (Calderón-Zygmund, etc.) (42B20) Function spaces arising in harmonic analysis (42B35) Norms (inequalities, more than one norm, etc.) of linear operators (47A30)

Abstract: We give a sharp estimate of the number of zeros of analytic functions in the unit disc belonging to analytic quasianalytic Carleman--Gevrey classes. As an application, we estimate the number of the eigenvalues for discrete Schr"odinger operators with rapidly decreasing complex-valued potentials, and, more generally, for non-symmetric Jacobi matrices.

Review text

This may be the first paper to provide sharp quantitative estimates on the number of zeros of functions in a Gevrey class of analytic quasianalytic functions. That is, from among the functions \(f(z) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \hat{f} (n)z^{n}\) analytic in the open unit disk \(\mathbb{D}\), for some real \(\beta \ge 0\), consider the class for which \(|\hat{f} (n) | \le a'_{f} \exp[-a_{f}\cdot n^{(1+\beta)/(2+\beta)}]\) for all \(n\ge 0\). These functions together with all their derivatives have continuous extensions to the boundary of \(\mathbb{D}\). Moreover, with a normalization \(|f(0)| \ge \exp (-A)\), the number of zeros \(N_{f}\) of \(f\) in \(\overline{\mathbb{D}}\) is finite. The main result of the paper is a formula that estimates \(N_{f}\) from above in terms of \(A\) and \(\beta\). Interestingly, this formula exhibits a phase transition in the form of the upper bound in response to different relations between \(A\) and \(\beta\). As an application, it turns out that for certain non-symmetric complex Jacobi matrices \(J\), the perturbation determinant \(\Delta(z)\) whose zeros are the eigenvalues of \(J\), is a function in such a Gevrey class. The estimate, therefore, provides an upper bound on the number of eigenvalues of \(J\). Such quantitative results in the spectral analysis of non-selfadjoint Schrödinger operators are very rare although extremely important, thus making the techniques in this article more valuable.

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