Eigenvalue estimates for Schrödinger operators with complex potentials

DOI10.1007/S00220-009-0883-4MaRDI QIDQ1048133zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 11 January 2010

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/31333

complex potentials eigenvalues Schrödinger operators

Schrödinger operator, Schrödinger equation (35J10) Estimates of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P15) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10)

Review text

The authors consider non-selfadjoint Schrödinger operators \(H=-\Delta+V(x)\) in \(L^2({\mathbb R}^d)\) with complex-valued potential \(V\). The main results concern estimates of the sum of powers of the imaginary parts of eigenvalues \(\lambda_j\) of the operator \(H\). For a flavor of the results we state the following inequalities. For \(0 \leq \text{Re} V \in L^p({\mathbb R}^d)\), \(p>d/2\) if \(d\geq 2\) and \(p=1\) if \(d=1\) \[ \sum\limits_j \left({\text{Im} \lambda_j}\over |\lambda_j+1|^2+1 \right)^p \leq C \int\limits_{{\mathbb R}^d} (\text{Im} V)_+^p(x) dx, C=(2\pi)^{-d}\int\limits_{{\mathbb R}^d} {d\xi \over (|\xi|^2+1)^p}. \] If \(V\in L^\infty, \text{Re}V \geq 0, \text{Im} V\in L^p({\mathbb R}^d)\), \(p>d/4\) if \(d\geq 4\) and \(p\geq 1\) if \(d\leq 3\) \[ \sum\limits_j \left({\text{Im} \lambda_j}\over |\lambda_j+1|^2+1 \right)^p \leq C (1+\|V\|_\infty)^{2p} \int\limits_{{\mathbb R}^d} (\text{Im} V)_+^p(x) dx, C=(2\pi)^{-d}\int\limits_{{\mathbb R}^d} {d\xi \over ((|\xi|^2+1)^2+1)^p}. \] Assume that \(\gamma > 3/2, r\in (\gamma- 1/2,\gamma)\) and and \(V \in L^{d/2-1+2r}({\mathbb R}^d) \cap L^r({\mathbb R}^d), d\geq 2\) then \[ \sum\limits_{\lambda_j\in \{z: 0<\text{Re} z<b, \text{Im}z>0 \}} |\text{Im} \lambda_j|^\gamma \leq C|\Psi_b(W)|^{2\gamma-1 \over 2r-1} (b+|\Psi_b(W)|^{1\over 2r-1}), \] where \(\Psi_b(W) = \int\limits_{{\mathbb R}^d} W^{d/4-1/2+r} dx+b^{d/2-1}\int\limits_{{\mathbb R}^d} W^r dx, W=(|V|^2+4\text{Im}V)_+\). Bounds for single eigenvalues are also obtained. For example, if \(V\) be a function from \(L^p({{\mathbb R}^d})\), where \(p \geq d/2\), if \(d \geq 3\); \(p > 1\), if \(d = 2\), and \(p \geq 1\), if \(d = 1\), then every eigenvalue \(\lambda\) with the property \(\text{Re}\lambda >0\) satisfies the estimate \[ |\text{Im}\lambda|^{p-1}\leq |\lambda|^{d/2-1} C \int\limits_{{\mathbb R}^d}|V|^p dx. \]

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