On the number of eigenvalues of Schrödinger operators with complex potentials
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Abstract: We study the eigenvalues of Schr"odinger operators with complex potentials in odd space dimensions. We obtain bounds on the total number of eigenvalues in the case where decays exponentially at infinity.
Let \(V\) be a complex-valued potential on \({\mathbb R}^d\). It is proved that the number \(N\) of eigenvalues of \(-\Delta+V\) in \(L^2({\mathbb R}^d)\) (\(d\) is odd) counting algebraic multiplicities, satisfies, for any \(\varepsilon > 0\), NEWLINE\[NEWLINEN\leq C_d \frac{1}{\varepsilon^2} \left(\;\int\limits_{{\mathbb R}^d}e^{\varepsilon|x|}|V(x)| dx\right)^2 .NEWLINE\]NEWLINE Similar results are proved for the operator \(\frac{d^2}{dx^2}+V\) in \(L^2({\mathbb R}_+)\) with a Dirichlet boundary condition.NEWLINENEWLINEThe proofs are based on a ``trace formula approach, which consists of identifying eigenvalues with zeroes of a certain analytic function and in using bounds on the zeroes of analytic functions. The authors use also trace ideal bounds for the Birman-Schwinger operator and complex interpolation.
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