Spectral decomposition of some non-self-adjoint operators

Abstract: We consider non-self-adjoint operators in Hilbert spaces of the form

H = H_{0} + C W C

, where

H_{0}

is self-adjoint,

W

is bounded and

C

is a metric operator,

C

bounded and relatively compact with respect to

H_{0}

. We suppose that

C (H_{0} - z)^{- 1} C

is uniformly bounded in

z i n m a t h b b C s e t m i n u s m a t h b b R

. We define the spectral singularities of

H

as the points of the essential spectrum

l a m b d a i n s i g m a_{m a t h r m e s s} (H)

such that

C (H p m i v a r e p s i l o n)^{- 1} C W

does not have a limit as

v a r e p s i l o n o 0^{+}

. We prove that the spectral singularities of

H

are in one-to-one correspondence with the eigenvalues, associated to resonant states, of an extension of

H

to a larger Hilbert space. Next, we show that the asymptotically disappearing states for

H

, i.e. the set of vectors

v a r p h i

such that

e^{p m i t H} v a r p h i o 0

as

t o i n f t y

, coincide with the generalized eigenstates of

H

corresponding to eigenvalues

l a m b d a i n m a t h b b C

,

m p m a t h r m I m (l a m b d a) > 0

. Finally, we define the absolutely continuous spectral subspace of

H

and show that it satisfies

m a t h c a l H_{m a t h r m a c} (H) = m a t h c a l H_{m a t h r m p} (H^{*})^{p} e r p

, where

m a t h c a l H_{m a t h r m p} (H^{*})

stands for the point spectrum of

H^{*}

. We thus obtain a direct sum decomposition of the Hilbert spaces in terms of spectral subspaces of

H

. One of the main ingredients of our proofs is a spectral resolution formula for a bounded operator

r (H)

regularizing the identity at spectral singularities. Our results apply to Schr"odinger operators with complex potentials.

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