Counting subgroups of a finite group containing a prescribed subgroup
A classical problem in finite group theory is bounding the number of subgroups of a group \(R\) of order \(r\). An elementary bound is \(r^{\log_2 r}\), which is nearly optimal, as shown by elementary abelian \(2\)-groups. \NA result of \textit{A. V. Borovik} et al. [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 348, No. 9, 3745--3761 (1996; Zbl 0866.20018)] (using the classification of finite simple groups) shows that the number of subgroups is at most \(r^{(\frac{1}{4} + o(1))\log_2 r}\). Moreover, \textit{P. Spiga} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 227, No. 6, Article ID 107312, 10 p. (2023; Zbl 1516.20054)] later gave an explicit version: at most \(7.3722 \cdot r^{\frac{\log_2 r}{4} + 1.5315}\) subgroups. This was improved by \textit{M. Fusari} and \textit{P. Spiga} [J. Algebra 635, 486--526 (2023; Zbl 1522.20084)] to remove the additive constant.\N\NThis paper generalizes this problem: Given a finite group \(R\) and a subgroup \(T\), the authors seek an upper bound for the number of subgroups of \(R\) that contain \(T\), denoted by \(|\mathrm{Sub}(R, T)|\).\N\NThe main theorem in Section 1 provides an explicit upper bound:\N\NTheorem 1.1. Let \(R\) be a finite group and \(T \leq R\). Then\N\[\N|\mathrm{Sub}(R, T)| \leq 7.3722 \cdot [R:T]^{\frac{\log_2[R:T]}{4} + 1.8919}.\N\]\NAlso, the authors prove the following corollary as a key application in permutation group theory:\N\NCorollary 1.2. If \(R\) is a transitive permutation group of degree \(n\), then the number of systems of imprimitivity of \(R\) is at most\N\[\N7.3722 \cdot n^{\frac{\log_2 n}{4} + 1.8919}.\N\]\NThe authors also propose a conjecture that the bound could be improved by replacing \(\log_2[R:T]\) with \(\lambda([R:T])\), the total number of prime divisors (with multiplicity) of the index.
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- On a conjecture of G. E. Wall.
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