Critical counterexamples for linear wave equations with time-dependent propagation speed

DOI10.1016/J.JDE.2020.08.044MaRDI QIDQ2003966zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Marina Ghisi, Massimo Gobbino

Publication date 13 October 2020

Published in Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.10020

zbMATH Keywords

Baire categoryderivative lossGevrey spacesresidual setstrong damping

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Dependence of solutions to PDEs on initial and/or boundary data and/or on parameters of PDEs (35B30) Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) Initial-boundary value problems for second-order hyperbolic equations (35L20) Abstract hyperbolic equations (35L90)

Abstract: We investigate an abstract wave equation with a time-dependent propagation speed, and we consider both the non-dissipative case, and the case with a strong damping that depends on a power of the elastic operator. Previous results show that, depending on the values of the parameters and on the time regularity of the propagation speed, this equation exhibits either well-posedness in Sobolev spaces, or well-posedness in Gevrey spaces, or ill-posedness with severe derivative loss. In this paper we examine some critical cases that were left open by the previous literature, and we show that they fall into the pathological regime. The construction of the counterexamples requires a redesign from scratch of the basic ingredients, and a suitable application of Baire category theorem in place of the usual iteration scheme.

Review text

The authors consider the wave equation from an abstract point of view, the Laplacian being replaced by $- A$, with $A$ self-adjoint nonnegative operator. A time-dependent propagation speed is considered and a dissipation term is allowed, represented by a power of the operator $A$. In the non-dissipative case, the classical results of \textit{F. Colombini} et al. [Ann. Sc. Norm. Super. Pisa, Cl. Sci., IV. Ser. 6, 511--559 (1979; Zbl 0417.35049)] state either well- posedness or ill-posedness of the Cauchy problem in Sobolev spaces and Gevrey Classes, according to the regularity of the speed coefficient. The effect of the presence of the dissipation term was studied in detail by \textit{M. Ghisi} and \textit{M. Gobbino} [J. Differ. Equations 260, No. 2, 1585--1621 (2016; Zbl 1336.35252)] and \textit{M. Ghisi} et al. [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 368, No. 3, 2039--2079 (2016; Zbl 1342.35184)], showing that the dissipation can prevail and improve the results of well-posedness. The present paper is devoted to some critical cases left open in the above mentioned contributions. In particular, counterexamples are given providing a complete picture of results. The proofs are based on a precise estimate of the growth of solutions for a family of ordinary differential equations.

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Cited in

(6)

• Time-dependent propagation speed vs strong damping for degenerate linear hyperbolic equations
• Discrete time-dependent wave equations. I. Semiclassical analysis
• Finite vs infinite derivative loss for abstract wave equations with singular time-dependent propagation speed
• Optimal derivative loss for abstract wave equations
• Three examples of residual pathologies
• Generalized energy conservation for linear wave equations with time-dependent propagation speed

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