Critical typesets of bracket groups
The authors are concerned with Butler groups arising from the following construction: Let \(A_1,\dots,A_n\) be nonzero subgroups of the additive group of the rationals \(\mathbb{Q}\). The cokernel of the diagonal embedding \(\bigcap_{1\leq i\leq n}A_i\to A_i\oplus\cdots\oplus A_n\) is a Butler group of rank \(n-1\). Such groups are called bracket groups and are denoted by \(G={\mathcal G}[A_1,\dots,A_n]\). Let \(G(\tau)=\{x\in G:\text{type }x\geq\tau\}\) be the \(\tau\)-socle of \(G\), put \(G^*(\tau)=\sum\{G(\sigma):\sigma>\tau\}\), and denote the purification of \(G^*(\tau)\) in \(G\) by \(G^\#(\tau)\). The critical typeset \(T_G'\) of \(G\) is given by \(T_G'=\{\tau\in T_G:G^*(\tau)\neq G(\tau)\}\). Two bracket groups \(G\) and \(H\) are quasi-isomorphic if and only if \(T_G'=T_H'\) and rank \(\text{rank }G(M)=\text{rank }H(M)\) for every nonempty subset \(M\) of \(T_G'\). A bracket group \(G={\mathcal G}[A_1,\dots,A_n]\) is determined up to quasi-isomorphism by the types \(\tau_1,\dots,\tau_n\), where \(\tau_i=\text{type }A_i\), \(i=1,\dots,n\). Thus \(G\) may be written in the form \(G=[\tau_1,\dots,\tau_n]\). Let \(\emptyset\neq I\subsetneq\{1,\dots,n\}\) and set \(I'=\{1,\dots,n\}\setminus I\). Then call \(\tau_I\vee \tau_{I'}\) a level-\(1\) type of \(G\). The authors show that the set of level-1 types of \(G=[\tau_1,\dots,\tau_n]\) is a quasi-isomorphism invariant of \(G\), i.e., the set of level-1 types does not depend on the particular types \(\tau_1,\dots,\tau_n\). Moreover, if \(\tau\in T_G'\), then \(G(\tau)\) is completely decomposable and \(\tau\) is a level-1 type. The converse of this theorem is false. The authors give several characterizations of the critical typeset \(T_G'\). By the aid of this characterization, they show the equivalence of the following statements: (a) \(\tau\in T_G\) belongs to the critical typeset of \(G=[\tau_1,\dots,\tau_n]\). (b) \(G(\tau)\) is almost completely decomposable and has \(\tau\) as an extractable type. (c) \(\tau\) is a level-1 type of \(G\) such that \(\tau=\tau_S\vee\tau_{S'}=\tau_T\vee\tau_{T'}\) for disjoint tight subsets \(S\) and \(T\) of \(\{1,\dots,n\}\). In view of the above results it is plausible to conjecture that the level-1 types determine strongly indecomposable bracket groups up to quasi-isomorphism. An example shows that the hypothesis of strong indecomposability is necessary.
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