Deformation of a generically finite map to a hypersurface embedding

DOI10.1016/J.MATPUR.2018.06.024MaRDI QIDQ1739226zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 26 April 2019

Published in Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. Neuvième Série (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.07745

deformation theory embeddings hypersurfaces inoue-type varieties iterated univariate coverings

Formal methods and deformations in algebraic geometry (14D15) Moduli, classification: analytic theory; relations with modular forms (14J15) Hypersurfaces and algebraic geometry (14J70) Subvarieties of abelian varieties (14K12) Deformations of complex structures (32G05) Deformations of submanifolds and subspaces (32G10) Holomorphic mappings, (holomorphic) embeddings and related questions in several complex variables (32H02)

Abstract: Motivated by the theory of Inoue-type varieties, we give a structure theorem for projective manifolds

W_{0}

with the property of admitting a 1-parameter deformation where

W_{t}

is a hypersurface in a projective smooth manifold

Z_{t}

. Their structure is the one of special iterated univariate coverings which we call of normal type, which essentially means that the line bundles where the univariate coverings live are tensor powers of the normal bundle to the image

X

of

W_{0}

. We give applications to the case where

Z_{t}

is projective space, respectively an Abelian variety.

Review text

The paper concerns the question whether a smooth hypersurface \(W_0\) in a smooth projective variety \(Z_0\) can be deformed in a family of such hypersurface embeddings. The author obtains a partial answer to this, through an iterated blowup of special type: \begin{align*} \sigma (z)&=w_0t_0,\\ Q_1(w_0,z)&=w_1t_1,\\ & \ldots \\ Q_k(w_0,\ldots ,w_{k-1},z)&=w_kt_k,\\ Q_{k+1}(w_0,\ldots ,w_k,z)&=0. \end{align*} When we fix a value \(t_0,\ldots ,t_k\not= 0\), by eliminating the \(t_k\)'s, we obtain a hypersurface embedding \[ Q_{k+1}(\sigma (z)/t_0,Q_1(\sigma (z)/t_0,z)/t_1,\ldots ,Q_k(\sigma (z)/t_0, Q_1(\sigma (z)/t_0,z)/t_1\ldots ))=0. \] In the setting of the paper, the polynomial \(Q_j\)'s is to define a hypersurface on a line bundle over the variety defined by the first \(j\)'s blowups. The main result of the paper (Theorem 2.4) includes 2 parts, which are partial converses to each other. Part 1, which is more complicated to prove, is the following: Assume that one has a \(1\)-parameter family of maps \(\phi _t: \mathcal{W}_t\subset \mathcal{Z}_t\) between smooth \(n\) and \(n+1\) dimensional varieties. Assume that for \(t\not= 0\) then \(\phi _t\) is an embedding, while \(\phi _0\) is a generically finite morphism of degree \(m\) to its image \(\Sigma _0=mX\) where \(X\) is reduced. Importantly, assume also that \(\mathcal{W}_0\) has ample canonical divisor. Then \(X_0\) is smooth and the map \(\mathcal{W}_0\rightarrow X_0\) is an iterated blowup of the above type. The assumption that \(K_{\mathcal{W}_0}\) is ample is used in Lemma 3.1, which says that under the mentioned assumptions, provided the image of \(\mathcal{W}\) by the map \(\Phi\) is normal and Gorenstein, then \(\mathcal{W}_0\) is isomorphic to \(X\). Besides this, a main technique is to reduce to dimension 1, such as in Lemma 3.5. The iterated blowup of the mentioned type appears as resolution of singularities of a monomial polynomial in a variable y and with coefficients depending on another variable \(t\), and an explicit procedure is given in Lemma 3.8. As applications, the authors consider hypersurfaces of projective spaces and Abelian varieties, with ample canonical divisor. In these cases, the partial converses in Theorem 2.4 are indeed perfect converses. However, it leaves open the question how to make Theorem 2.4 to be more complete. For example, if \(\mathcal{W}_0\) does not have an ample canonical divisor, can we still say something interesting?

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