Deformation theory for finite cluster complexes

This paper considers a number of related questions linking cluster theory and deformation theory, primarily in the case of finite cluster type.\N\NThe first main result concerns cluster complexes: these are simplicial complexes recording which cluster variables may appear in the same cluster. These are shown to be unobstructed in finite cluster type if and only if the cluster algebra has skew-symmetric exchange matrices. Algebraically, being unobstructed means that any first order deformation of the Stanley-Reisner ring of the complex may be extended to arbitrary order. This statement generalises the case of type \(\mathsf{A}\) by \textit{J. A. Christophersen} and \textit{N. O. Ilten} [Math. Z. 278, No. 1--2, 131--148 (2014; Zbl 1341.14015)], in which the cluster complex is dual to a Stasheff associahedron, as well as giving a more conceptual proof, in which the categorification of cluster algebras plays a key role.\N\NSecondly, the authors realise a cluster algebra of finite cluster type with universal coefficients as a (flat) deformation of the Stanley-Reisner ring of its (extended) cluster complex. (Here and below, the convention is that frozen variables are not inverted.) Moreover, they show how this deformation family can be obtained naturally from a cluster algebra \(\mathcal{A}\) with the same underlying finite cluster type, under some additional technical assumptions (which can be guaranteed at the cost of adding more frozen variables to \(\mathcal{A}\)).\N\NMany of the obstructions to extending the results to infinite cluster type are primarily technical -- one is forced to consider infinitely generated polynomial rings -- but occasionally the proofs also rely on particular combinatorial properties of the Dynkin diagrams, via which finite cluster type cluster algebras are classified.\N\NRing-theoretic consequences of these results and their proofs are that cluster algebras of finite cluster type are Gorenstein (generalising [\textit{A.~Berenstein} et al., Duke Math.\ J.\ 126, No. 1, 1--52 (2005; Zbl 1135.16013)] for the case that there are no frozen variables), and that a skew-symmetric such cluster algebra is unobstructed (in the same sense as for its Stanley-Reisner ring). The authors also give a complete proof, based on [\textit{M.~Gross} et al., J.\ Am.\ Math.\ Soc.\ 31, No.~2, 497--608 (2018; Zbl 1446.13015)], of the folklore result that the (extended) cluster monomials are a basis in finite cluster type, without inverting frozen variables.

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