Derived equivalences constructed by Milnor patching
Derived equivalence plays an important role in the representation theory of finite-dimensional algebras. It preserves several homological invariants, such as Hochschild cohomology, Hochschild cyclic cohomology, and the rank of the Grothendieck group. It is well known that Morita theory provides a thorough understanding of equivalences between module categories of two rings. A derived version of this theory was developed by [\textit{J. Rickard}, J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 39, No. 3, 436--456 (1989; Zbl 0642.16034); J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 43, No. 1, 37--48 (1991; Zbl 0683.16030); J. Algebra 257, No. 2, 460--481 (2002; Zbl 1033.20005)].\N\NWhereas in classical Morita theory a finitely generated projective generator plays a crucial role, in the derived version this role is taken by a tilting complex, that is, a bounded complex of finitely generated projective modules satisfying self-orthogonality and generating properties. However, as the authors of the paper under review correctly emphasize, constructing tilting complexes or derived equivalences is far from straightforward.\N\NTo obtain their main results, in Section~2.4 the authors define pullback rings. If one of the morphisms involved in the definition of a pullback is surjective, then the pullback diagram is called a \textit{Milnor square} of rings. The projective modules over a Milnor square of rings \(A\) are well described in terms of the projective modules over the rings \(A_i\), \(i \in \{0,1,2\}\), that enter the definition of the pullback (see Lemma~2.8).\N\NIn the paper under review, the authors propose to use the technique known as \textit{patching}, introduced by \textit{J. W. Milnor} [Introduction to algebraic K-theory. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (1971; Zbl 0237.18005)]. Milnor's technique was originally developed to construct finitely generated projective modules over a pullback algebra from finitely generated projective modules over the algebras involved in the pullback. Here, the authors adapt this method to perform an analogous construction for complexes of projective modules, which -- as mentioned above -- are fundamental to the derived version of Morita theory. The main results are presented in Theorems 1.1 and 1.2.\N\NIn Theorem 1.1, for instance, taking \(A\) to be a pullback of algebras and taking tilting complexes over each algebra involved in the pullback, the authors construct a tilting complex over \(A\), together with certain algebra homomorphisms between the endomorphism algebras of the tilting complexes, such that the pullback of these homomorphisms is isomorphic to the endomorphism algebra of the tilting complex obtained via patching. A key feature of this construction is that the resulting algebras are derived equivalent.\N\NIt is also worth emphasizing that in Section~4 the authors present several operations that allow one to construct derived equivalences for quiver algebras with relations. These results are clearly formulated and presented in Theorems~4.1, 4.5, and~4.8. The operations considered -- \textit{gluing vertices}, \textit{unifying arrows}, and \textit{identifying socle elements} -- are well illustrated in Example~4.10.
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