Descriptive statistics for symbolic data
Te main task of this chapter is to extend the concept of frequency distributions and the standard definitions of descriptive statistics for real-valued data, such as the empirical mean, empirical standard deviation and median, to the general framework of symbolic variables. Let \(Y\) be a single-valued quantitative (numerical) variable which is determined by a numerical value \(Y(k)\) for each element \(k\) of the finite set \(E=\{1,\dots,n\}\). Denote by \(y=(Y(1),\dots,Y(n))\) the finite sequence of values taken by the variable \(Y\) on the objects \(k\in E\). Define the observed frequency \({\mathcal O}_y\) of \(y\) as the function \({\mathcal O}_y:\mathbf R\to\mathbf N\) such that \({\mathcal O}_y\colon=\#\{k\in E |Y(k)=\xi\}\). Then the number of instances \(n_i\) of the value \(\xi_i\), the distribution function \(F_y\), the empirical mean \(\overline{y}\), and the empirical standard deviation \(s_y\) are defined from the knowledge of the observed frequency \({\mathcal O}_y\) as follows: \(n_i={\mathcal O}_y(\xi_i)\); \[ F_y(\xi)=n^{-1} \sum\limits_{\xi_j\leq \xi}{\mathcal O}_y(\xi_j);\quad\overline{y}=n^{-1}\sum\limits_{j=1}^l{\mathcal O}_y(\xi_j)\xi_j;\quad s_y^2=n^{-1}\sum\limits_{j=1}^l{\mathcal O}_y(\xi_j)(\xi_j-\overline{y})^2. \] The authors first provide a framework that allows the extension of the definition of the observed frequency to a symbolic variable and then generalize the above mentioned formulas in order to find generalized definitions of the empirical distribution function and the classical summary measures for multi-valued and interval-valued variables. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1039.62501].
- Centre and range method for fitting a linear regression model to symbolic interval data
- A conversation with Lynne Billard
- Discriminant analysis of distributional data via fractional programming
- Association measures for interval variables
- Partition of interval-valued observations using regression
- Two-sample tests for interval-valued data
- Composite likelihood methods for histogram-valued random variables
- Analysis of dependent data aggregated into intervals
- Principal component histograms from interval-valued observations
- Clustering of interval time series
- Principal component analysis for histogram-valued data
- Linear regression for numeric symbolic variables: a least squares approach based on Wasserstein distance
- A center-level approach to estimating the effect of center characteristics on center outcomes
- Symbolic data analysis: what is it?
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 48076 (Why is no real title available?)
- Standardization of interval symbolic data based on the empirical descriptive statistics
- Brief overview of symbolic data and analytic issues
- Far beyond the classical data models: symbolic data analysis
- The quantile method for symbolic principal component analysis
- Principal axes analysis of symbolic histogram variables
- A self-consistent estimator for interval-valued data
- Visualization for Interval Data
- Bootstrap based multi-step ahead joint forecast densities for financial interval-valued time series
- Regression model for interval-valued variables based on copulas
- The median of a set of histogram data
- Bivariate symbolic regression models for interval-valued variables
- Interval-valued data regression using nonparametric additive models
- Analysis of symbolic data. Exploratory methods for extracting statistical information from complex data
- Discriminant analysis of interval data: an assessment of parametric and distance-based approaches
- Should data ever be thrown away? Pooling interval-censored data sets with different precision
- Likelihood functions and some maximum likelihood estimators for symbolic data
- The minimum covariance determinant estimator for interval-valued data
- MLE for the parameters of bivariate interval-valued model
- Inference for multivariate interval data: bridging frequentist and Bayesian paradigms
- Bayesian framework for interval-valued data using Jeffreys’ prior and posterior predictive checking methods
- Descriptive statistics for interval-valued observations in the presence of rules
- Linear disriminant analysis for interval data
- Constrained linear regression models for symbolic interval-valued variables
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