Detecting virtual homomorphisms via Banach metrics
The authors introduce Banach metrics on finitely generated infinite groups, namely integer-valued, left-invariant, proper metrics which are quasi-isometric to a Cayley metric and whose metric-functionals are all unbounded. For a metric space \((X,d)\) with basepoint, the metric-functional compactification is defined via the closure of Busemann functions in the space of \(1\)-Lipschitz functions and \(\partial(X,d)\) denotes the metric-functional boundary. The motivation is to detect virtual homomorphisms \(G\to\mathbb{Z}\) through the action of \(G\) on \(\partial(G,d)\).\N\NTheorem~2.2 shows that if \(G\) is finitely generated Gromov hyperbolic and not virtually cyclic, then for any Cayley graph metric \(d_S\) there are no finite orbits in \(\partial(G,d_S)\); in particular, this holds for free groups. Theorem~2.6 proves that Banach metrics restrict to Banach metrics on finite index subgroups. The main result, Theorem~2.7, states that a finitely generated group \(G\) admits a virtual homomorphism if and only if there exists a Banach metric \(d\) on \(G\) and some \(h\in\partial(G,d)\) with finite orbit \(|G.h|<\infty\); moreover, if \(G\) admits a homomorphism onto \(\mathbb{Z}\), then \(h\) can be chosen as a fixed point. Therefore, virtually nilpotent groups admit such a Banach metric and in the virtually abelian case one can choose a Cayley metric.
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