Diagonalizing operators with reflection symmetry

Hilbert spaces with reproducing kernels (= (proper) functional Hilbert spaces, including de Branges-Rovnyak and other structured spaces) (46E22) Invariant subspaces of linear operators (47A15) Linear operators on function spaces (general) (47B38)

Abstract: Let

U

be an operator in a Hilbert space

m a t h c a l H_{0}

, and let

m a t h c a l K s u b s e t m a t h c a l H_{0}

be a closed and invariant subspace. Suppose there is a period-2 unitary operator

J

in

m a t h c a l H_{0}

such that

J U J = U^{*}

, and

P J P g e q 0

, where

P

denotes the projection of

m a t h c a l H_{0}

onto

m a t h c a l K

. We show that there is then a Hilbert space

m a t h c a l H (m a t h c a l K)

, a contractive operator

W : m a t h c a l K o m a t h c a l H (m a t h c a l K)

, and a selfadjoint operator

S = S (U)

in

m a t h c a l H (m a t h c a l K)

such that

W^{*} W = P J P

,

W

has dense range, and

S W = W U P

. Moreover, given

(m a t h c a l K, J)

with the stated properties, the system

(m a t h c a l H (m a t h c a l K), W, S)

is unique up to unitary equivalence, and subject to the three conditions in the conclusion. We also provide an operator-theoretic model of this structure where

U |_{m a t h c a l K}

is a pure shift of infinite multiplicity, and where we show that

k e r (W) = 0

. For that case, we describe the spectrum of the selfadjoint operator

S (U)

in terms of structural properties of

U

. In the model,

U

will be realized as a unitary scaling operator of the form

f (x) m a p s t o f (c x)

,

c > 1

, and the spectrum of

S (U_{c})

is then computed in terms of the given number

c

.

Review text

Let \({\mathcal H}_0\) be a Hilbert space and \(U\) an operator in \({\mathcal H}_0\). Further, let \({\mathcal K}\) be a closed \(U\)-invariant subspace of \({\mathcal H}_0\) and \(P\) stand for the projection of \({\mathcal H}_0\) onto \({\mathcal K}\). Finally, assume that there is a period-2 unitary operator \(J\) in \({\mathcal H}_0\) such that \(JUJ=U^*\) and \(PJP\geq 0\). It results then that there exists a Hilbert space \({\mathcal H}({\mathcal K})\), a contractive operator \(W:{\mathcal K} \to {\mathcal H}({\mathcal K})\) and a self-adjoint operator \(S=S(U)\) in \({\mathcal H}({\mathcal K})\) such that (i) \(W^*W=PJP\), (ii) \(W\) has dense range and (iii) \(SW=WUP\). Moreover, for the couple \(({\mathcal K}, J)\) as before, the system \(({\mathcal H}({\mathcal K}),W,S)\) under which (i)-(iii) hold is unique up to unitary equivalence.

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