Difference Approximations for the Second Order Wave Equation

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The authors derive difference approximations for the second-order wave equation in one and two space dimensions without first writing it as a first-order system. The Dirichlet and the Neumann problems are treated in the one-dimensional case. Relations between the boundary error and the interior phase error are derived for a fully second-order accurate discretization and a scheme that is fourth-order accurate in the interior and second-order accurate at the boundary. This is an acceptable compromise since it allows control of the phase error. General two-dimensional domains are considered for the Dirichlet problem where the domain is embedded in a Cartesian grid and the boundary conditions are approximated by interpolation. A stable conservative scheme is derived ``dimension by dimension where the time step is determined only by the interior discretization formula. Discretization cells cut by the boundary are treated implicitly, but the resulting scheme is fully explicit because the implicit dependence is only pointwise. The stability and accuracy of the proposed method is verified by numerical examples. Convergence is studied for a trigonometric exact solution, an inwards and an outward traveling wave solution in a circle, and a bouncing wave in an ellipse.




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