Different versions of a first countable space without choice

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2009.03.025MaRDI QIDQ2390503zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Eleftherios Tachtsis, Kyriakos Keremedis

Publication date 23 July 2009

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.topol.2009.03.025

zbMATH Keywords

axiom of choicefirst countable topological spacesindependence resultsweak axioms of choice

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Axiom of choice and related propositions (03E25) Consistency and independence results (03E35) Base properties of topological spaces (54D70)

Review text

Note that in ZFC, each of the following three formulas expresses that a topological space \(X\) is first countable. {\parindent=7mm \begin{itemize}\item[(A)] for every \(x\in X\), there exists a countable local base \(\mathcal{B}(x)\) at \(x\). \item[(B)] There exists a \((\mathcal{B}(x))_{x\in X}\) such that for every \(x\in X\), \(\mathcal{B}(x)\) is a countable local base at \(x\). \item[(C)] There exists a \((\mathcal{B}(n, x))_{n\in\mathbb{N}, x\in X}\) such that for every \(x\in X\), \(\{\mathcal{B}(n, x) : n\in\mathbb{N}\}\) is a local base at \(x\). \end{itemize}} In this paper, the authors discuss the differences between these formulations in the absence of the Axiom of Choice. It is easy to see (C) \(\Rightarrow \)(B) \(\Rightarrow\) (A), and \textit{G.~Gutierres} [Topology Appl. 153, No.~18, 3420--3429 (2006; Zbl 1137.03029)] proved that (C) does not imply (B) in ZF. The main theorem is that (A) does not imply (B) in ZF. Many other results concerning the relationship between these formulations and weak forms of choice in ZF\(^0\), ZF without Axiom of Regularity are also discussed. All proofs are done by using permutation models though it was pointed out that the forcing is required to show the main theorem.

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Cites work

• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1201510 (Why is no real title available?)
• The axiom of choice
• What is a first countable space?

Cited in

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• What is a first countable space?

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