Differentiability of continuous functions in terms of Haar-smallness

DOI10.1016/J.TOPOL.2020.107353MaRDI QIDQ2216578zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Adam Kwela, Wojciech Aleksander Wołoszyn

Publication date 16 December 2020

Published in Topology and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.03175

zbMATH Keywords

continuous functionsHaar-meager setsHaar-null setsHaar-small setsnowhere differentiable functions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Descriptive set theory (03E15) Nondifferentiability (nondifferentiable functions, points of nondifferentiability), discontinuous derivatives (26A27) Continuity and differentiation questions (26B05) Topological groups (topological aspects) (54H11)

Abstract: One of the classical results concerning differentiability of continuous functions states that the set $mathcalSD$ of somewhere differentiable functions (i.e., functions which are differentiable at some point) is Haar-null in the space $C[0,1]$. By a recent result of Banakh et al., a set is Haar-null provided that there is a Borel hull $BsupseteqA$ and a continuous map $fcolon{0,1}^{m}athbbNoC[0,1]$ such that $f^{-1}[B+h]$ is Lebesgue's null for all $hinC[0,1]$. We prove that $mathcalSD$ is not Haar-countable (i.e., does not satisfy the above property with "Lebesgue's null" replaced by "countable", or, equivalently, for each copy $C$ of ${0,1}^{m}athbbN$ there is an $hinC[0,1]$ such that $mathcalSDcap(C+h)$ is uncountable. Moreover, we use the above notions in further studies of differentiability of continuous functions. Namely, we consider functions differentiable on a set of positive Lebesgue's measure and functions differentiable almost everywhere with respect to Lebesgue's measure. Furthermore, we study multidimensional case, i.e., differentiability of continuous functions defined on $[0,1{]}^k$. Finally, we pose an open question concerning Takagi's function.

Review text

The authors give the following description of the present investigations: ``We prove that the set of somewhere differentiable functions (i.e., functions which are differentiable at some point) is not Haar-countable. We consider functions differentiable on a set of positive Lebesgue's measure and functions differentiable almost everywhere with respect to Lebesgue's measure. Furthermore, we study multidimensional case, i.e., differentiability of continuous functions defined on \([0, 1]^k\). Finally, we pose an open question concerning Takagi's function. A brief survey is devoted to Takagi's function, to the notion of Haar-null sets, and to somewhere differentiable functions. The special attention is given to the notions of Haar-countable, Haar-finite, and Haar-\(n\) sets. Also, the notion of Haar-meager sets is briefly considered. One can note that the special attention also is given to sets of nowhere differentiable functions on \([0, 1]^k\) (i.e., nowhere differentiable functions on \([0, 1]^k\) are ``functions defined on \([0, 1]^k\) which do not have a finite directional derivative at any point along any vector). The main results are proven with explanations, the main notions are given with brief surveys. Some open questions related with topics of this research, are noted.

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Cited in

(8)

• On the complexity of continuous functions differentiable on cocountable sets
• Haar-smallest sets
• Porous sets that are Haar null, and nowhere approximately differentiable functions
• On differentiability properties of typical continuous functions and Haar null sets
• No-where averagely differentiable functions: Baire category and the Takagi function
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1563690 (Why is no real title available?)
• Haar ambivalent sets in the space of continuous functions
• Typical differentiability within an exceptionally small set

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