Packing index of subsets in Polish groups

Abstract: For a subset

A

of a Polish group

G

, we study the (almost) packing index

i n d_{P} (A)

(resp.

I n d_{P} (A)

) of

A

, equal to the supremum of cardinalities

| S |

of subsets

S s u b s e t G

such that the family of shifts

{x A}_{x i n S}

is (almost) disjoint (in the sense that

| x A c a p y A | < | A |

for any distinct points

x, y i n S

). Subsets

A s u b s e t G

with small (almost) packing index are small in a geometric sense. We show that

i n d_{P} (A) i n I N c u p a l e p h_{0}, c c

for any

s i g m a

-compact subset

A

of a Polish group. If

A s u b s e t G

is Borel, then the packing indices

i n d_{P} (A)

and

I n d_{P} (A)

cannot take values in the half-interval

[s q (P i_{1}^{1}), c c)

where

s q (P i_{1}^{1})

is a certain uncountable cardinal that is smaller than

c c

in some models of ZFC. In each non-discrete Polish Abelian group

G

we construct two closed subsets

A, B s u b s e t G

with

i n d_{P} (A) = i n d_{P} (B) = c c

and

I n d_{P} (A c u p B) = 1

and then apply this result to show that

G

contains a nowhere dense Haar null subset

C s u b s e t G

with

i n d_{P} (C) = I n d_{P} (C) = k a p p a

for any given cardinal number

k a p p a i n [4, c c]

.

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