Differential subgroups of simple algebraic groups over p -adic fields
Let \(R\) be a complete discrete valuation ring with quotient field of characteristic zero and algebraically closed residue field \(k\) of characteristic \(p>0\). Let \(\phi: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}\) be the unique lifting of the Frobenius of \(k\), and define \(\delta: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}\) by \(\delta x =\frac{\phi (x) - x^p}{p}\). Let \(G/R\) be a smooth group scheme of finite type. The author defines a \(\delta\)-formal function of order \(\leq n\) on \(G(R)\) to be an \(R\) valued function which can locally (in the Zariski topology of \(G\)) be expressed as a polynomial in affine coordinate functions and (\(n\) or fewer) iterates of \(\delta\). These form a ring \(O^n(G)\). For each \(n\), these rings have comultiplications, coinverses, and counits coming from the group scheme structure of \(G\). A coherent family \(\mathcal J\) of ideals \(J_n \subset O^n(G)\) respecting these cooperations determines a subgroup of \(G(R): \mathcal J^{\text{sol}} = \{x \in G(R) \mid f(x)=0\) for all \(f \in J_n\), \(n \geq 0\}\). The author calls such subgroups \(\delta\)-subgroups. The author calls a subgroup \(\Gamma \subset G(R)\) Zariski dense modulo \(p\) if the image of \(\Gamma\) in the closed fibre \(G_0(k)\) of \(G/R\) is Zariski dense. The main result of the paper is the following theorem: Let \(G/R\) be such that \(G_0/k\) is a simple algebraic group such that the adjoint representation of \(G_0\) on \(\text{Lie}(G_0)\) is irreducible. Let \(\Gamma\) be a \(\delta\)-subgroup which is Zariski dense modulo \(p\). Then \(\Gamma = G(R)\). The proof depends heavily on the author's previous work on \(p\) formal groups and arithmetic jet theory.
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