Direct integrals of strongly continuous operator semigroups

Abstract: The goal of this article is to develop a theory for direct integrals of

C_{0}

-semigroups on Hilbert spaces parallel to the recent approach by Lachowicz and Moszy'nski for direct sums of Banach spaces, diagonal operators, and semigroups. In it we deal with the existence and characterisation of semigroups, asymptotic rates, and questions of decomposability.

Review text

A \textit{Hilbert space bundle} with \textit{base space} $\Omega$ is a pair $(\mathcal{H}, \pi)$ (or simply $\mathcal H$), where $\pi : \mathcal{H} \to \Omega$ is a surjection and, for every $s \in \Omega$, the \textit{fiber} $H_s = \pi^{-1}(s)$ of $\mathcal{H}$ at $s$ is a Hilbert space with inner product $\langle \cdot,\cdot \rangle_s$. A \textit{section} $x$ of $\mathcal H$ is a function $x : \Omega \rightarrow \mathcal{H}$ such that $\pi \circ x(s) = s$. If $\Omega$ is a locally compact Hausdorff topological space and $\mu$ a $\sigma$-finite positive Borel measure on $\Omega$, a \textit{measurable field of Hilbert spaces} with \textit{associated measure $\mu$} is a pair $(\mathcal H, \mathcal F)$, where $\mathcal H$ is a Hilbert space bundle and $\mathcal F$ is a collection of sections satisfying various measurability conditions, one of which is: for all $x, y \in \mathcal{F}$, the $\mathbb C$-valued function $s \mapsto \langle x(s), y(s) \rangle_s $ is $\mu$-measurable. Under these assumptions, the \textit{direct integral} \[ \int^{\oplus}_\Omega H_s\, d\mu(s) \] can be defined as the set of all measurable sections $x \in \mathcal{F}$ such that $\int_\Omega \|x(s)\|^2_s \,d\mu(s) < \infty$. Obviously, these integrals generalize direct sums. Direct integrals of fields of bounded operators $\{T(s) : H_s \to H_s \mid s \in \Omega \}$ are defined for measurable fields where $s \mapsto \langle T(s)x(s), y(s)\rangle_s$. is measurable. This definition can be extended to fields of unbounded operators $\{A(s) : D(A(s)) \to H_s \mid s \in \Omega \}$, postulating a common point $\nu$ for all the resolvents such that $\{R(\nu; A(s)) : H_s \to H_s\mid s \in \Omega \}$ is a measurable field of bounded operators. The definitions are applied to direct integrals of $C_0$ semigroups that have common exponential growth; the author shows that the direct integral is a $C_0$ semigroup in the direct integral space; moreover, the infinitesimal generator is the direct integral of the individual generators. Similar results are obtained for subclasses of semigroups: bounded analytic, eventually differentiable, immediately norm continuous, and immediately compact. Finally, examples are given and asymptotics of direct integral semigroups is covered.

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