Dirichlet and Neumann problems for planar domains with parameter

DOI10.1090/S0002-9947-2013-05951-XMaRDI QIDQ2862128zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Florian Bertrand, Xianghong Gong

Publication date 14 November 2013

Published in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1111.0079

Dirichlet and Neumann problems in planar domains domain with parameter

General theory of conformal mappings (30C35) Integral representations, integral operators, integral equations methods in two dimensions (31A10) Boundary regularity of mappings in several complex variables (32H40) Dependence of solutions to PDEs on initial and/or boundary data and/or on parameters of PDEs (35B30) Fredholm integral equations (45B05)

Abstract: Let

G a m m a (c d o t, l a m b d a)

be smooth, i.e.,

m a t h c a l C^{i} n f t y

, embeddings from

onto

, where

O m e g a

and

O m e g a^{l} a m b d a

are bounded domains with smooth boundary in the complex plane and

l a m b d a

varies in

I = [0, 1]

. Suppose that

G a m m a

is smooth on

and

f

is a smooth function on

p a r t i a l O m e g a i m e s I

. Let

u (c d o t, l a m b d a)

be the harmonic functions on

O m e g a^{l} a m b d a

with boundary values

f (c d o t, l a m b d a)

. We show that

u (G a m m a (z, l a m b d a), l a m b d a)

is smooth on

. Our main result is proved for suitable H"older spaces for the Dirichlet and Neumann problems with parameter. By observing that the regularity of solutions of the two problems with parameter is not local, we show the existence of smooth embeddings

G a m m a (c d o t, l a m b d a)

from

, the closure of the unit disc, onto

such that

G a m m a

is smooth on

and real analytic at

, but for every family of Riemann mappings

R (c d o t, l a m b d a)

from

onto

, the function

R (G a m m a (z, l a m b d a), l a m b d a)

is not real analytic at

.

Review text

Let \(\Omega^\lambda\) \((0\leq\lambda\leq 1)\) be a family of bounded domains in the complex plane of class \(C^{k+1+\alpha}\), where \(k\geq 0\) is an integer and \(\alpha\in (0,1)\). Let also \(f^\lambda,\;g^\lambda\) be \(C^\alpha\) functions on the boundary \(\partial\Omega^\lambda\). The authors study the family of Dirichlet problems NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \Delta u^\lambda =0\text{ in }\Omega^\lambda,\quad u^\lambda=f^\lambda\text{ on }\partial \Omega^\lambda\tag{1}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE and the family of Neumann problems NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \Delta v^\lambda =0\text{ in }\Omega^\lambda,\quad \partial_{\nu^\lambda} v^\lambda=g^\lambda\text{ on }\partial \Omega^\lambda\tag{2}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE together with the compatibility conditions NEWLINE\[NEWLINE \int_{\partial\Omega^\lambda}g^\lambda d\sigma^\lambda=0,\quad \int_{\partial\Omega^\lambda}v^\lambda d\sigma^\lambda=0.\tag{3}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE NEWLINENEWLINEThe first major result of the paper is as follows: Let \(j,k,l\geq 0\) be integers such that \(k\geq j\), \(k+1\geq l\geq j\). Let \(\Omega\subset{\mathbb C}\) be a bounded domain with \(C^{k+1+\alpha}\) boundary. Let \(\Gamma^\lambda\), \(\lambda\in [0,1]\), be a \(C^{k+1+\alpha,j}\) embedding of \(\overline{\Omega}\) into \(\overline{\Omega^\lambda}\). Assume \(f^\lambda\circ \Gamma^\lambda\in C^{l+\alpha,j}(\partial\Omega)\) and \(g^\lambda\circ \Gamma^\lambda\in C^{k+\alpha,j}(\partial \Omega)\). Finally, let \(u^\lambda\in C^{\alpha}(\overline{\Omega^\lambda})\) be the unique solution of (1) and let \(v^\lambda\in C^1(\Omega^\lambda)\) be the unique solution of (2) - (3). Then \(u^\lambda\circ \Gamma^\lambda\in C^{l+\alpha,j}(\overline\Omega)\) and \(v^\lambda\circ \Gamma^\lambda\in C^{k+1+\alpha,j}(\overline\Omega)\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE As a consequence, the authors establish the failure of the local Schwarz principle with parameter in the following formulation: There exist embeddings \(\Gamma(\cdot,\lambda)\) from the closed unit disc \(\overline{\mathbb D}\) onto \(\overline{\Omega^\lambda}\) such that \(\Gamma\) is of class \(C^\infty\) on \(E=\overline{\mathbb D}\times[0,1]\) and real analytic at \((1,0)\in E\) such that \(R(\Gamma(z,\lambda),\lambda)\) is not real analytic at \((1,0)\in E\) for every family of Riemann mappings \(R(\cdot,\lambda)\) from \(\overline{\Omega^\lambda}\) onto \(\overline{\mathbb D}\).

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