Dirichlet series and functional analysis

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The article is an updated version of a previous survey paper or problem collection by the author [Visn. Khar. Univ., Ser. Mat. Prykl. Mat. Mekh. 475, 195--203 (2000; Zbl 1054.30501)]. Dirichlet series of the form \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n n^{-s}\) have a long history since they play a central role in analytic number theory. But modern functional analytic ideas and tools were used only quite recently. In [\textit{H. Hedenmalm, P. Lindqvist} and \textit{K. Seip}, Duke Math. J. 86, 1--37 (1997; Zbl 0887.46008)], a natural Hilbert space \({\mathcal H}^2\) of Dirichlet series was introduced and studied; the elements of this space are analytic functions on the half plane \(\mathbb{C}_{1/2} = \{ s \in \mathbb{C}; \text{ Re}\; s > \frac{1}{2} \}\) of the form \(f(s) = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n n^{-s}\), where \[ | | f| | _{{\mathcal H}^2} = \left(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} | a_n| ^2\right)^{\frac{1}{2}} < +\infty. \] \({\mathcal H}^2\) is the analog of the Hardy space \(H^2\) for Dirichlet series. An important tool is the space \({\mathcal H}^{\infty}\) of bounded analytic functions on \(\mathbb{C}_+ = \{ s \in \mathbb{C}; \text{ Re}\; s > 0\}\) which are given by a convergent Dirichlet series of the above form on some possibly remote half plane \(\text{ Re}\; s > \sigma_0\). By a theorem of Schnee and Bohr, the Dirichlet series of a function in \({\mathcal H}^{\infty}\) actually converges on \(\mathbb{C}_+\). It was proved that \({\mathcal H}^{\infty}\) equals the collection of multipliers on \({\mathcal H}^2\). \textit{H. Hedenmalm} and \textit{E. Saksman} [Pac. J. Math. 208, 85--109 (2003; Zbl 1057.42005)] established the counterpart for Dirichlet series of Carleson's convergence theorem for Fourier series: For \(f \in {\mathcal H}^2\), \(\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n n^{-\frac{1}{2}+it}\) converges for almost every \(t \in \mathbb{R}\). The present survey also treats other convergence issues, composition operators on \({\mathcal H}^2\), integral means, Hardy spaces \({\mathcal H}^p\) for Dirichlet series [see \textit{F. Bayart}, Monatsh. Math. 136, No. 3, 203--236 (2002; Zbl 1076.46017)], weighted Hilbert spaces of Dirichlet series [see \textit{J. E. McCarthy}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 356, No. 3, 881--893 (2004; Zbl 1039.30001)], Dirichlet series with general frequencies, and, finally, extremality methods and entire functions. As the author says in his introduction: ``It is hoped that this paper can act as a catalyst by pointing at a number of natural open problems, as well as some recent advances. If the answer to the last of these problems were affirmative, the Riemann hypothesis would follow, cf. \textit{L. de Branges} [J. Funct. Anal. 121, No. 1, 117--184 (1994; Zbl 0802.46039)]. For the entire collection see [Zbl 1047.00019].




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