Double BFV quantisation of 3D gravity

DOI10.1007/S00220-025-05507-YMaRDI QIDQ6884265zbMATH OpenFDO

Publication date 15 December 2025

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/S00220-025-05507-Y

Derived categories of sheaves, dg categories, and related constructions in algebraic geometry (14F08) Graded categories (general) (18A50) Geometric quantization (53D50) Quantization of the gravitational field (83C45)

Review text

This paper obtains the phase space of Einstein-Hilbert theory \(\mathcal{F} _{EH}\) with its set of canonical constraints \(\mathcal{C}_{EH}\) as the partial coisotropic reduction of the phase space of Palatini-Cartan (PC) theory. Using the double BFV construction of Batalin, Fradkin and Vilkovisky for the nested coisotropic embedding\N\[\N\mathcal{C}_{PC}\hookrightarrow\mathcal{C}_{\mathrm{Lor}}\hookrightarrow \mathcal{F}_{PC}\N\]\Nthe authors implement the partial coisotropic reduction within the BFV framework. There is a dg-coisotropic submanifold \(\mathbb{C}_{\mathrm{Lor} }\hookrightarrow\mathbb{F}_{PC}\) inside the BFV resolution \(\mathbb{F}(\mathcal{F}_{PC},\mathcal{C}_{PC})\) (a symplectic dg-manifold) of the degree-zero coisotropic embedding \(\mathcal{C}_{PC}\hookrightarrow \mathcal{F}_{PC}\). By exploiting the fact that the reduction of the dg-coisotropic submanifold \(\mathcal{C}_{\mathrm{Lor}}\) can itself be resolved by BFV methods, the authors show explicitly that one can obtain the BFV resolution \(\mathbb{F}(\mathcal{F}_{EH},\mathcal{C}_{EH})\) of reduced phase space \underline{\(\mathcal{C}_{EH}\)}\ of EH theory as a dg-coisotropic reduction \underline{\(\mathbb{C}_{\mathrm{Lor}}\)}\ inside the BFV resolution \(\mathbb{F}(\mathcal{F}_{PC},\mathcal{C}_{PC})\) of the reduced phase space \(\mathcal{C}_{PC}\) of PC theory. Namely, there is a morphism of Hamiltonian dg-manifolds\N\[\N\underline{\sigma}_{\mathsf{BFV}}:\underline{\mathbb{C}_{\mathrm{Lor}} }\longrightarrow\mathbb{F}(\mathcal{F}_{EH},\mathcal{C}_{EH})\N\]\NSince it was shown in [\textit{G. Canepa} and \textit{M. Schiavina}, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 26, No. 3, 595--642 (2022; Zbl 1520.83024)] that the BFV resolution of the reduced phase space of PC theory is dg-symplectomorphic to the BFV resolution of the reduced phase space of BF theory, for which an explicit quantization was obtained in [\textit{A. S. Cattaneo} et al., Commun. Math. Phys. 357, No. 2, 631--730 (2018; Zbl 1390.81381)], the authors use this quantization of BF theory as a starting point to build a quantization of 3-dimensional PC theory, which, combined with the double BFV construction herein, outputs a well-defined quantization of 3d Einstein-Hilbert theory in the sense of a space of (physical) quantum states.\N\NThe synopsis of the paper goes as follows:\N\begin{itemize}\N\item[\S 2] recaps the cohomological resolution of the reduction of coisotropic submanifolds, which is the key construction of this paper. \S 2.1 introduces the classical BFV construction for the resolution of coisotropic submanifolds, while \S 2.2 outlines its quantization. \S 2.3 describes the nested coisotropic embeddings and deduces some properties, showing how to describe them with a double application of the BFV formalism. It is established (Theorem 17) that this resolution commutes with reduction. \S 2.4 quantize the double BFV construction. \S 2.5 considers a simple example with linear constraints as a warm up for the gravity case.\N\item[\S 3] follows the guideline presented in the previous section for finite-dimensional systems, applying it to the case of field theory, where spaces are infinite-dimensional nuclear Fréchet manifolds. The motivating example is three-dimensional general relativity. \S 3.1 presents the BFV formulations of 3-dimensional gravity in the Einstein-Hilbert formalism, while \S 3.3 presents those in Palatini-Cartan formalism. \S 3.2 presents the BFV formulation of BF theory.\N\item[\S 4] looks at the direct reduction from BF theory to Einstein-Hilbert theory. \S 4.1 explicitly shows how to obtain the BFV formulation of Einstein-Hilbert theory as a partial coisotropic reduction to the one of BF theory. \S 4.2 describes this partial reduction within the double BFV framework.\N\item[\S 5] aims to approach BFV quantization of three dimensional gravity, using the relation to BF theory and and its BFV quantization to full extent. The starting point is an adaption of the quantization of BF theory developed in [\textit{A. S. Cattaneo} et al., Commun. Math. Phys. 357, No. 2, 631--730 (2018; Zbl 1390.81381)]. The authors transfer this quantization to Einstein-Hilbert gravity, using the relation between the respective classical theories.\N\end{itemize}

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