Double Structures and Normal Bundle of Space Curves
A double structure on an integral (or, more generally, locally complete intersection) curve \(C \subset {\mathbb{P}}^3\) is a locally Cohen-Macaulay subscheme \(X \subset {\mathbb{P}}^n\) such that \(X_{\text{red}}=C\) and \(\deg(X)=2\deg(C)\) (this paper assumes characteristic 0). To give such a subscheme is equivalent to give a locally free quotient of the conormal bundle of \(C\) and bounding its arithmetic genus is equivalent to bounding the degree of sub-line bundles of the normal bundle of \(C\) [see \textit{C. Bănică} and \textit{O. Forster} in: Algebraic geometry, Proc. Lefschetz Centen. Conf., Mexico City/Mex. 1984, Part I, Contemp. Math. 58, 47-64 (1986; Zbl 0605.14026)]. By means of the general plane section (Castelnuovo's approach) it is possible to bound the arithmetic genus of an integral curve: This was obtained by \textit{L. Gruson} and \textit{C. Peskine} in: Algebr. Geom., Proc., Tromsø Symp. 1977, Lect. Notes Math. 687, 31-59 (1978; Zbl 0412.14011), by developing the method of numerical character. This paper studies the general plane section of a double structure and shows that, like the general plane section of an integral curve, its numerical character is connected (theorem 10). A lifting result (lemma 12) permits to apply Gruson-Peskine arguments to obtain an upper bound for the arithmetic genus of a double structure in terms of maximal genus of suitable projectively normal curves (theorem 13), which, in particular, recovers a bound of \textit{D. Eisenbud} and \textit{J. Harris} [J. Algebr. Geom. 1, No. 1, 31-59 (1992; Zbl 0798.14029)]. Some applications conclude the paper: a bound for the genus of curves on a surface \(S\), passing through a finite number of singular points of \(S\) (proposition 16); the existence, in any biliaison class, of a smooth connected curve with stable normal bundle (corollary 19); some results on projectively normal curves defined by matrices of linear forms (for instance proposition 21 and 23), which give some complements to results of \textit{A. P. Rao} [Rend. Semin. Mat., Torino 50, No. 3, 277-311 (1992; Zbl 0827.14035)]. As pointed out by the author, the paper is an updated version of an unpublished manuscript of himself together with \textit{L. Gruson} and \textit{C. Peskine}, written in 1984.
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