Double circulant codes from cubic cyclotomy
A code \(C\) is said to be self-dual if \(C = C^\bot,\) and \(C\) is called a linear complementary dual code (LCD) provided that \(C\cap C^\bot= \{0\}.\) A code is formally self-dual (FSD) if their weight enumerator is invariant under the MacWilliams transform. Let \(R\) be a \(p\times p \) circulant matrix, the pure, and the bordered double circulant codes: \(P_p(R)\) and \(B_p(a, R)\) are defined as the two linear codes over \(\mathbb{F}_q\) with the generator matrices: \((I_p, R)\) and \(\left(I_{p+1},\left(\begin{array}{ccccc} a & 1 & \ldots & 1 \\\N-1& & & \\\N\vdots & & R & \\\N-1 & & & \end{array}\right)\right),\) respectively.\N\NThis paper introduces a parametrized family of binary double circulant codes, based on cubic residues depending on some parameters. The range of parameters for which the codes are self-dual and those for which they are LCD (linear complementary dual) is determined. As a bonus, they turn out to be formally self-dual in the latter case. The construction technique is based on cubic cyclotomy and cyclotomic numbers.\N\NExamples are shown for quasi-optimal formally self-dual codes, including when \(p=7\), then \(B_7(0,(0,1,1,1))\) is the optimal \([16, 8, 4]\) self-dual code. Other examples include \(P_7(0,0,1,1), \) \(P_{13}(0,1,1,0), P_{19}(0,1,0,1)\) and \(P_{37}(0,1,0,1)\) that are the optimal FSD LCD with parameters \([14,7,4],\) \([26,13,6],\) \([38,19,7]\) and \([74, 37, 12]\) respectively.
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