Duality theorems for polyanalytic functions

Topological linear spaces of continuous, differentiable or analytic functions (46E10) Hyperfunctions, analytic functionals (46F15) Linear operators on function spaces (general) (47B38)

Review text

Let \(U\) be a domain in \(\mathbb{C}\) and denote by \(O(U)\) the space of analytic functions on \(U\) with the compact open topology. The celebrated Grothendieck-Köthe-Silva theorem states that the strong dual of \(O(U)\) is algebraically and topologically isomorphic to the space of germs of analytic functions on \(\overline{\mathbb{C}}\setminus U\) that vanish at infinity, with the usual inductive topology. In this paper, the authors give the analogue of this theorem for polyanalytic functions of a given order. \N\NRecall that a polyanalytic function of order \(M\) on a domain \(W,\) is a function that can be represented as\N\[\Nf\left( z\right)=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{M-1}\overline{z}^{k}f_{k}\N\]\Nwhere \(f_{k}\)'s are analytic functions on \(W\). One puts \Nthe topology of uniform convergence on compact subsets of \(W\)\Non the space of polyanalytic functions on \(W\). For a compact subset \(K\) of \(\mathbb{C}\), the set of germs of polyanalytic functions of order \(M\) on \(K\) is defined as\N\[\N\mathcal{G}_{M}\left( K\right) =\mathop{\mathrm{ind\,lim}}\limits_{K\subseteq U}\mathcal{P}_{M}^{\infty }\left( U\right)\N\]\Nwhere \(\mathcal{P}_{M}^{\infty}\left(U\right)\) is the space of polyanalytic functions on \(U\subseteq\overline{\mathbb{C}}\) that vanish at infinity. One puts the inductive limit topology on this space. \N\NThe main result of the paper states that for a compact set \(K\subseteq \mathbb{C},\) \(\mathcal{P}_{M}^{\infty}\left(\overline{\mathbb{C}}\setminus K\right)\) is isomorphic to the strong dual of \(\mathcal{G}_{M}\left( K\right)\), algebraically and topologically, under the correspondence \(f\leftrightarrow \mu _{f}\) where for \(f\in \mathcal{P}_{M}^{\infty }\left(\overline{\mathbb{C}}\setminus K\right)\) and \(g\in \mathcal{G}_{M}\left( K\right)\)\N\[\N\mu _{f}\left( g\right) = \int_{\partial U}\sum\limits_{j=0}^{M-1}\left( -1\right) ^{j}\frac{\partial ^{M-1-j}}{\partial \overline{t}^{M-1-j}}f\left( t\right) \frac{\partial ^{j}}{\partial\overline{t}^{j}}g\left( t\right) dt.\N\]\NThe proof uses the Cauchy formula for polyanalytic functions and infinite-order differential operators;\N\[\N\mathcal{J}\left( z,\frac{\partial }{\partial z},\frac{\partial}{\partial\overline{z}}\right)=\sum_{l=0}^{M-1}\sum\limits_{k=0}^{\infty}a_{l,k}\left( z\right) \frac{\partial ^{l}}{\partial \overline{z}^{l}}\frac{\partial ^{k}}{\partial z^{k}},\N\]\Nwhere the coefficients \(a_{l,k}\left( z\right) \) are analytic functions. The latter is used to handle convergence in \(\mathcal{G}_{M}\left( K\right)\).

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