Dynamics of McMullen maps

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Abstract: In this article, we develop the Yoccoz puzzle technique to study a family of rational maps termed McMullen maps. We show that the boundary of the immediate basin of infinity is always a Jordan curve if it is connected. This gives a positive answer to a question of Devaney. Higher regularity of this boundary is obtained in almost all cases. We show that the boundary is a quasi-circle if it contains neither a parabolic point nor a recurrent critical point. For the whole Julia set, we show that the McMullen maps have locally connected Julia sets except in some special cases.


For \(n \geq 3\) and \(\lambda \in \mathbb{C}\setminus\{0\}\) let \(f_\lambda(z)=z^n + \lambda/z^n\), and denote by \(B_\lambda\) the immediate basin of infinity. Using Yoccoz puzzle techniques, the authors answer a question of Devaney by showing: Theorem 1.1 If the Julia set \(J(f_\lambda)\) is not a Cantor set, then the boundary \(\partial B_\lambda\) is a Jordan curve. Another result establishes regularity of \(\partial B_\lambda\) under natural dynamical hypotheses: Theorem 1.2 If \(J(f_\lambda)\) is not a Cantor set, then \(\partial B_\lambda\) is a quasi-circle if it contains neither parabolic nor recurrent critical points. Further results give conditions under which \(J(f_\lambda)\) is locally connected. The proofs makes use of a local version of the notion of ``semi-hyperbolicity, called here the BD-condition.



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