Easy turbulence
The paper is an introductory course to the subject of developed turbulence. It consists of four lectures. In the first one, the Navier-Stokes equations, are introduced, and their properties are examined. The Reynolds number is introduced as well, and the flows are described for different Reynolds numbers. The author gives assumptions for statistical description of turbulence, and formulates the energy cascade picture. In the second lecture, the author derives statistical relations for turbulent velocities, one of them being the ``Kolmogorov four-fifths law. The vorticity field equations are written, and the statistical formulae are obtained together with expressions for energy and enstrophy spectra. In the third lecture, the author investigates the time dependence of the distance between Lagrangian trajectories. The properties of distance probability distribution function are established for weakly compressible regimes and for strongly compressible regimes. An implosive collapse of Lagrangian trajectories is obtained for strongly compressible regimes. The final fourth lecture is mainly devoted to the scalar quantity called tracer; the necessary statistical formulae for the tracer are completely derived in this lecture. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0987.00053].
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