Effective models of group schemes

is finite flat. Pure schemes (a notion recalled in the text) have many nice properties : in particular, we prove that they are the amalgamated sum of their generic fibre and the family of their finite flat closed subschemes. We also provide versions of our results in the setting of formal schemes.

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Let \(R\) be a discrete valuation ring with residue field \(k\) and field of fractions \(K\). If \(G\) is an \(R\)-group scheme acting faithfully on a \(K\)-scheme \(X\), then often there exists a model \(X_R\) of \(X\), such that the \(G\)-action on \(X\) is induced by a \(G\)-action on \(X_R\). For example this happens for classes of schemes \(X\) for which a model exists which satisfies some sort of universal property, e.g.~if \(X\) is an abelian variety with faithful \(G\)-action, typically the action extends to its the Néron model. In general, however, the \(G\)-action on the special fiber of \(X_R\) will not be faithful anymore. A basic example (taken from the introduction of the article under review) in the situation where \(R\) is of mixed characterstic with \(\text{char}{k}=p\), comes from an abelian scheme \(A\) on \(R\), for which the \(p\)-torsion points of \(A_K\) are rational. The constant group scheme \(G=\mathbb{Z}/p^{2\dim A_K}\mathbb{Z}\) acts faithfully on \(A_K\) by translation, and this action extends to \(A\), but it is not faithful on the special fiber.NEWLINENEWLINEThe article under review is concerned with the question under which circumstances one can find a model of \(G\) which does act faithfully on the special fiber. A good candidate for such a model would be the schematic image of \(G\rightarrow \Aut_R(X)\). In many situations the fppf-sheaf \(\Aut_R(X)\) is not representable, but there still is a notion of schematic image for the morphism \(G\rightarrow \Aut_R(X)\) due to \textit{M. Raynaud} [Publ.~Math., Inst.~Hautes Étud.~Sci.~38, 27--76 (1970; Zbl 0207.51602)], and the main results of the present article establish conditions under which this schematic image is representable by a group scheme, which is called the \textit{effective model} of \(G\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe main theorem states that, if \(X\) is a separated, flat, pure \(R\)-scheme which is locally of finite type, and \(G\) a proper flat \(R\)-group scheme acting on \(X\) and faithfully on \(X_K\), then the schematic image of \(G\) in \(\Aut_R(X)\) is representable by a flat, finite type group scheme, if and only if \(\ker(G\rightarrow \Aut_R(X))\) is a finite group scheme. There is also a version of this statement for formal schemes, and there is a version for a class of affine schemes \(X\), which works under weaker assumptions.NEWLINENEWLINEThe notion of a pure morphism (defined in [\textit{M.~Raynaud} and \textit{L.~Gruson}, Invent.~Math.~13, 1--89 (1971; Zbl 0227.14010)]) is of central importance for the arguments; examples are proper morphisms and faithfully flat morphisms with geometrically irreducible fibers without embedded components. In fact the above theorem is deduced from a structure theorem for flat, pure schemes locally of finite type over a henselian discrete valuation ring \(R\), saying that if \(X\) is such an \(R\)-scheme, then the family of closed subschemes which are finite and flat over \(R\) is \(R\)-universally dense in \(X\), and that \(X\) is the amalgamated sum of its generic fiber and this family of closed subschemes.

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